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  2. List of integrals of exponential functions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_integrals_of...

    (Note that the value of the expression is independent of the value of n, which is why it does not appear in the integral.) ∫ x x ⋅ ⋅ x ⏟ m d x = ∑ n = 0 m ( − 1 ) n ( n + 1 ) n − 1 n !

  3. Lists of integrals - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_integrals

    Then | | = ⁡ (()) +, where sgn(x) is the sign function, which takes the values −1, 0, 1 when x is respectively negative, zero or positive. This can be proved by computing the derivative of the right-hand side of the formula, taking into account that the condition on g is here for insuring the continuity of the integral.

  4. Integral - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integral

    The symbol dx, called the differential of the variable x, indicates that the variable of integration is x. The function f ( x ) is called the integrand , the points a and b are called the limits (or bounds) of integration, and the integral is said to be over the interval [ a , b ] , called the interval of integration. [ 18 ]

  5. Gaussian integral - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaussian_integral

    A different technique, which goes back to Laplace (1812), [3] is the following. Let = =. Since the limits on s as y → ±∞ depend on the sign of x, it simplifies the calculation to use the fact that e −x 2 is an even function, and, therefore, the integral over all real numbers is just twice the integral from zero to infinity.

  6. Common integrals in quantum field theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_integrals_in...

    The one-dimensional integrals can be generalized to multiple dimensions. [2] ⁡ (+) = ⁡ ()Here A is a real positive definite symmetric matrix.. This integral is performed by diagonalization of A with an orthogonal transformation = = where D is a diagonal matrix and O is an orthogonal matrix.

  7. List of definite integrals - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_definite_integrals

    In mathematics, the definite integral ∫ a b f ( x ) d x {\displaystyle \int _{a}^{b}f(x)\,dx} is the area of the region in the xy -plane bounded by the graph of f , the x -axis, and the lines x = a and x = b , such that area above the x -axis adds to the total, and that below the x -axis subtracts from the total.

  8. Integration using Euler's formula - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integration_using_Euler's...

    At this point we can either integrate directly, or we can first change the integrand to 2 cos 6x − 4 cos 4x + 2 cos 2x and continue from there. Either method gives Either method gives ∫ sin 2x cos ⁡ 4 x d x = − 1 24 sin ⁡ 6 x + 1 8 sin ⁡ 4 x1 8 sin ⁡ 2 x + C . {\displaystyle \int \sin ^{2}x\cos 4x\,dx=-{\frac {1}{24 ...

  9. List of integrals of rational functions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_integrals_of...

    Integrands of the form x m (a + b x n + c x 2n) p when b 2 − 4 a c = 0 [ edit ] The resulting integrands are of the same form as the original integrand, so these reduction formulas can be repeatedly applied to drive the exponents m and p toward 0.