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  2. World Geodetic System - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Geodetic_System

    The World Geodetic System (WGS) is a standard used in cartography, geodesy, and satellite navigation including GPS.The current version, WGS 84, defines an Earth-centered, Earth-fixed coordinate system and a geodetic datum, and also describes the associated Earth Gravitational Model (EGM) and World Magnetic Model (WMM).

  3. Geodetic datum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geodetic_datum

    A geodetic datum or geodetic system (also: geodetic reference datum, geodetic reference system, or geodetic reference frame, or terrestrial reference frame) is a global datum reference or reference frame for unambiguously representing the position of locations on Earth by means of either geodetic coordinates (and related vertical coordinates) or geocentric coordinates. [1]

  4. EPSG Geodetic Parameter Dataset - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPSG_Geodetic_Parameter...

    European Datum 1950: SAD69: South American Datum 1969: GRS 80: Geodetic Reference System 1980: ISO 6709: Geographic point coord. 1983: NAD 83: North American Datum 1983: WGS 84: World Geodetic System 1984: NAVD 88: N. American Vertical Datum 1988: ETRS89: European Terrestrial Ref. Sys. 1989: GCJ-02: Chinese obfuscated datum 2002: Geo URI ...

  5. International Terrestrial Reference System and Frame

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Terrestrial...

    On 7 January 2024 move to IGS20 happened, so WGS 84 is now aligned with ITRF2020, including PSD (post-seismic deformation), also called G2296. On the other hand GLONASS is using PZ-90.11, which is close to ITRF2008 at epoch 2011.0 and is using 2010.0 epoch (that means when you use reference transformation to PZ-90.11 you will get January 2010 ...

  6. Earth Gravitational Model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_Gravitational_Model

    The precursor version XGM2016 (X stands for experimental) was released in 2016 up to degree and order (d/o) 719. [13] XGM2019e was released in 2020 up to spheroidal d/o 5399 (that corresponds to a spatial resolution of 2′ which is ~4 km) and spherical d/o 5540 with a different spheroidal harmonic construction followed by conversion back into ...

  7. File:Red Sea topographic map-en.svg - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Red_Sea_topographic...

    English: Topographic map in English of the Red Sea, UTM projection (WGS84 datum). Français : Carte topographique en anglais de la Mer Rouge , projection UTM (WGS84 datum). Note : The background map is a raster image embedded in the SVG file.

  8. Earth-centered, Earth-fixed coordinate system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth-centered,_Earth...

    The Earth-centered, Earth-fixed coordinate system (acronym ECEF), also known as the geocentric coordinate system, is a cartesian spatial reference system that represents locations in the vicinity of the Earth (including its surface, interior, atmosphere, and surrounding outer space) as X, Y, and Z measurements from its center of mass.

  9. Geodetic coordinates - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geodetic_coordinates

    Geodetic latitude and geocentric latitude have different definitions. Geodetic latitude is defined as the angle between the equatorial plane and the surface normal at a point on the ellipsoid, whereas geocentric latitude is defined as the angle between the equatorial plane and a radial line connecting the centre of the ellipsoid to a point on the surface (see figure).