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Dilated bowel loops: Loops proximal to the obstruction exhibit dilation (>2.5-3 cm in diameter). Transition zone: A point where the caliber of the bowel changes from dilated to collapsed, indicating the site of obstruction. Air-fluid levels: Seen in upright or decubitus imaging, reflecting stasis of luminal contents.
Depending on the level of obstruction, bowel obstruction can present with abdominal pain, abdominal distension, and constipation.Bowel obstruction may be complicated by dehydration and electrolyte abnormalities due to vomiting; respiratory compromise from pressure on the diaphragm by a distended abdomen, or aspiration of vomitus; bowel ischemia or perforation from prolonged distension or ...
The stepladder sign is a radiological finding observed in the context of small bowel obstruction on abdominal X-rays or computed tomography scans. It refers to the appearance of multiple, dilated small bowel loops arranged in a step-like configuration, typically visible in upright or lateral decubitus imaging positions.
Individuals prone to DIOS tend to be at risk for repeated episodes and often require maintenance therapy with pancreatic enzyme replacement, hydration and laxatives (if the symptoms are also mild). [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Oral contrast instillation into the colon/ileum under radiological control has been found to reduce the need for surgical intervention.
Volvulus causes severe pain and progressive injury to the intestinal wall, with accumulation of gas and fluid in the portion of the bowel obstructed. [11] Ultimately, this can result in necrosis of the affected intestinal wall, acidosis, and death. This is known as a closed-loop obstruction because there exists an isolated ("closed") loop of bowel.
An inguinal hernia or groin hernia is a hernia (protrusion) of abdominal cavity contents through the inguinal canal.Symptoms, which may include pain or discomfort especially with or following coughing, exercise, or bowel movements, are absent in about a third of patients.
The opposed walls of adjacent bowel loops form the central cleft while the two sides of the bean represent gas‐filled segments of dilated bowel that form an inverted U‐shape. [2] Air-fluid levels may also be seen in the segments of dilated bowel. [1]
CT Scans: More sensitive and specific than abdominal radiograph, revealing the extent of colonic dilatation, the transition point, and often associated peripancreatic inflammation or fluid collections. The colon cut-off sign is different from sentinel loop sign, where the dilated segment is a part of the small intestine.