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Nehemiah rebuilding Jerusalem, illustration by Adolf Hult, 1919. Nehemiah (/ ˌ n iː ə ˈ m aɪ ə /; Hebrew: נְחֶמְיָה Nəḥemyā, "Yah comforts") [2] is the central figure of the Book of Nehemiah, which describes his work in rebuilding Jerusalem during the Second Temple period as the governor of Persian Judea under Artaxerxes I of Persia (465–424 BC).
"The sheep gate": was the starting place of the wall rebuilding account (Nehemiah 3:1). [11] "The goldsmiths and the merchants": represented communities that 'largely and closely interested in the transactions connected with Temple offerings', indicated by the mention of their working in proximity to repair the wall.
Nehemiah is the appointed governor of Judah, and rebuilds the Old City walls. 410 BCE: The Great Assembly is established in Jerusalem. 365/364-362 and c. 347 BCE: Judea participates in Egyptian-inspired and Sidonian -led revolts against the Achaemenids, and coins minted in Jerusalem are reflecting the short-lived autonomy.
Then, Artaxerxes I or possibly Darius II allowed Ezra and Nehemiah to return and rebuild the city's walls and to govern Judea, which was ruled as Yehud Medinata. During the Second Temple period, especially during the Hasmonean period, the city walls were expanded and renovated, constituting what Josephus calls the First Wall.
Building the Wall of Jerusalem. The Book of Nehemiah in the Hebrew Bible, largely takes the form of a first-person memoir by Nehemiah, a Jew who is a high official at the Persian court, concerning the rebuilding of the walls of Jerusalem after the Babylonian exile and the dedication of the city and its people to God's laws ().
As long as the wall was attributed to Hezekiah, the motivation for building it was believed to have been Sennacherib's campaign in Judah, and the presumption was that it might be referred to in Nehemiah 3:8 and Isaiah 22:9–10. Uzziah's motivation, however, was to rebuild the city after the damage brought about by a strong earthquake. [1]
It is mentioned in Nehemiah 3:1 and Nehemiah 12:39. [2] It is located on the northern wall section of the old city, near the northeastern corner, a point of the city always requiring special fortification and later the sites successively of the Hasmonean Baris and of the Antonia Fortress .
Nehemiah's activities dated to the third quarter of the fifth century BCE, while the precise period of Ezra's activity remains a subject of debate. Their efforts to rebuild the social and spiritual life of the Jewish returnees in their ancestral homeland are chronicled in the biblical books named after them.