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Intravenous magnesium sulfate can reduce calcium ions influx into smooth muscle cells on the airway, causing airway muscle relaxation. [13] It is possible for intravenous magnesium sulfate to cause hypermagnesemia, resulting in muscle weakness. Intravenous magnesium sulfate is contraindicated in patients with renal insufficiency. [14] [15]
As a bronchodilator after beta-agonist and anticholinergic agents have been tried, e.g. in severe exacerbations of asthma. [4]Obstetrics: Magnesium sulfate is used to prevent seizures in women with preeclampsia and eclampsia, and is also used for fetal neuroprotection in preterm deliveries, but has been shown to be an ineffective tocolytic agent.
Magnesium sulfate was historically used as a treatment for lead poisoning. Prior to the development of chelation therapy , cases of accidental lead ingestion were often immediately treated with magnesium sulfate, which would cause the lead to be precipitated out and, with a high enough dose, literally purged from the digestive system as ...
Magnesium sulfate or magnesium sulphate is a chemical compound, a salt with the formula MgSO 4, consisting of magnesium cations Mg 2+ (20.19% by mass) and sulfate anions SO 2− 4. It is a white crystalline solid , soluble in water but not in ethanol .
Treatment involves stopping the magnesium a person is getting. [2] Treatment when levels are very high include calcium chloride, intravenous normal saline with furosemide, and hemodialysis. [1] Hypermagnesemia is uncommon. [3] Rates among hospitalized patients in renal failure may be as high as 10%. [2]
Commonly used tocolytic medications include β 2 agonists, calcium channel blockers, NSAIDs, and magnesium sulfate. These can assist in delaying preterm delivery by suppressing uterine muscle contractions and their use is intended to reduce fetal morbidity and mortality associated with preterm birth. [ 2 ]
Low levels of evidence suggest that inhaled (nebulized) magnesium sulfate may have a small benefit for treating acute asthma in adults. [243] Overall, high-quality evidence do not indicate a large benefit for combining magnesium sulfate with standard inhaled treatments for adults with asthma. [243]
Carbamazepine is an approved treatment for bipolar disorder and epileptic seizures, but it has side effects useful in treating attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), schizophrenia, phantom limb syndrome, paroxysmal extreme pain disorder, neuromyotonia, and post-traumatic stress disorder.
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