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A coronary CT calcium scan is a computed tomography (CT) scan of the heart for the assessment of severity of coronary artery disease. Specifically, it looks for calcium deposits in atherosclerotic plaques in the coronary arteries that can narrow arteries and increase the risk of heart attack. [1] These plaques are the cause of most heart ...
These calcium ions bind to and open more calcium channels (called ryanodine receptors) located on the sarcoplasmic reticulum within the cell, allowing the flow of calcium out of the SR. These calcium ions are responsible for the contraction of the heart. Calcium also activates chloride channels called I to2, which allow Cl − to enter the cell ...
Feb. 13—Sweating, nausea, dizziness and unusual fatigue may not sound like typical heart attack symptoms. However, they are common for women and may occur more often when resting or asleep ...
Positive Bowditch effect causes an increase in cardiac output due to the increased force of contraction of heart muscles. [7]This phenomenon is usually absent or even reversed (negative Bowditch effect) in heart failure and other diseases of heart, such as cardiomyopathy and coronary artery disease.
Increase the amount of calcium in the sarcoplasm. More calcium available for Troponin to use will increase the force developed. Decreasing contractility is done primarily by decreasing the influx of calcium or maintaining lower calcium levels in the cytosol of cardiac myocytes during an action potential.
Premature ventricular contractions may be associated with underlying heart disease, and certain characteristics are therefore elicited routinely: the presence of signs of heart disease or a known history of heart disease (e.g. previous myocardial infarction), as well as heart disease or sudden cardiac death in close relatives.
Calcification of soft tissue (arteries, cartilage, heart valves, [1] [2] etc.) can be caused by vitamin K 2 deficiency or by poor calcium absorption due to a high calcium/vitamin D ratio. This can occur with or without a mineral imbalance. A common misconception is that calcification is caused by excess amount of calcium in diet. Dietary ...
Once calcium is confirmed to be elevated, a detailed history taken from the subject, including review of medications, any vitamin supplementations, herbal preparations, and previous calcium values. Chronic elevation of calcium with absent or mild symptoms often points to primary hyperparathyroidism or Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia. For ...