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A typical single-mode optical fiber has a core diameter between 8 and 10.5 μm [7] and a cladding diameter of 125 μm. There are a number of special types of single-mode optical fiber which have been chemically or physically altered to give special properties, such as dispersion-shifted fiber and nonzero dispersion-shifted fiber.
DFB lasers are more expensive than VCSELs but their high power and longer wavelength allow efficient coupling into the small core of single-mode fiber over greater distances. [citation needed] 10GBASE-LR maximum fiber length is 10 kilometers, although this will vary depending on the type of single-mode fiber used.
1000BASE-LX is specified to work over a distance of up to 5 km over 10 μm single-mode fiber. 1000BASE-LX can also run over all common types of multi-mode fiber with a maximum segment length of 550 m. For link distances greater than 300 m, the use of a special launch conditioning patch cord may be required. [28]
Eight-lane using eight wavelengths over single-mode fiber with 40 km reach 400GBASE-ZR: 802.3cw (155 & 156) SC, LC At least 80 km over single-mode fiber using a single wavelength with 16QAM over a DWDM system TBD: 802.3df: two pairs of single-mode fiber with 500 m reach Other 400GBASE-CR4 802.3ck-2022 (162)
G.657 is an international standard [1] [2] developed by the Standardization Sector of the International Telecommunication Union that specifies single-mode optical fiber (SMF) cable. History [ edit ]
On February 11, 2021, the IEEE 802.3cu standard was approved. The IEEE 802.3cu standard defines single-wavelength 100 Gbit/s PHYs for operation over SMF (Single-Mode Fiber) with lengths up to at least 2 km (100GBASE-FR1) and 10 km (100GBASE-LR1).
The range of mode field diameter permitted in G.655 is 8 to 11 μm in non-zero dispersion-shifted fibre. G.655.C fibre has a maximum PMD link design value of 0.20 ps/sqrtkm, which is the lowest value recommended by ITU-T. G.655 has the cable cut-off wavelength and cable attenuation coefficients in the C and L bands.
Single-mode optical fibers can be made with extremely low loss. Corning's Vascade® EX2500 fiber, a low loss single-mode fiber for telecommunications wavelengths, has a nominal attenuation of 0.148 dB/km at 1550 nm. [65] A 10 km length of such fiber transmits nearly 71% of optical energy at 1550 nm.
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