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The major cause of benzene in soft drinks is the decarboxylation of benzoic acid in the presence of ascorbic acid (vitamin C, E300) or erythorbic acid (a diastereomer of ascorbic acid, E315). Benzoic acid is often added to drinks as a preservative in the form of its salts sodium benzoate (E211), potassium benzoate (E 212), or calcium benzoate ...
Benzoic acid is cheap and readily available, so the laboratory synthesis of benzoic acid is mainly practiced for its pedagogical value. It is a common undergraduate preparation. Benzoic acid can be purified by recrystallization from water because of its high solubility in hot water and poor solubility in cold water.
Benzoic acid is generally not used directly due to its poor water solubility. Concentration as a food preservative is limited by the FDA in the U.S. to 0.1% by weight. [ 8 ] Sodium benzoate is also allowed as an animal food additive at up to 0.1%, per the Association of American Feed Control Officials. [ 9 ]
Benzyl alcohol is subsequently metabolized to benzoic acid. The conjugates of benzoic acid ( hippuric acid and the glucuronide of benzoic acid) are rapidly eliminated in urine. [ 1 ] When given in large doses to laboratory animals, benzyl benzoate can cause hyperexcitation, loss of coordination, ataxia , convulsions , and respiratory paralysis .
Halazone (4-(dichlorosulfamoyl)benzoic acid) is a chemical compound whose formula can be written as either C 7 H 5 Cl 2 NO 4 S or (HOOC)(C 6 H 4)(SO 2)(NCl 2). It has been widely used to disinfect drinking water. Other names for this compound include p-sulfondichloramidobenzoic acid, 4-[(dichloroamino)sulfonyl]benzoic acid, and Pantocide.
It is also prepared commercially by ketonization of benzoic acid and propionic acid over calcium acetate and alumina at 450–550 °C: [1] C 6 H 5 CO 2 H + CH 3 CH 2 CO 2 H → C 6 H 5 C(O)CH 2 CH 3 + CO 2 + H 2 O. Ludwig Claisen discovered that α-methoxystyrene forms this compound when heated for an hour at 300 °C (65% yield). [2] [3]
Calcium benzoate refers to the calcium salt of benzoic acid. When used in the food industry as a preservative, its E number is E213 (INS number 213); it is approved for use as a food additive in the EU, [1] USA and Australia and New Zealand. [2] The formulas and structures of calcium carboxylate derivatives of calcium and related metals are ...
Potassium benzoate (E212), the potassium salt of benzoic acid, is a food preservative that inhibits the growth of mold, yeast and some bacteria.It works best in low-pH products, below 4.5, where it exists as benzoic acid.