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Lahnda (/ ˈ l ɑː n d ə /; [1] لہندا, Punjabi pronunciation: [lɛ˦n.d̪äː]), also known as Lahndi or Western Punjabi, [2] is a group of north-western Indo-Aryan language varieties spoken in parts of Pakistan and India.
Often in literature, Pakistani Punjabi (written in Shahmukhi) is referred as Western-Punjabi (or West-Punjabi) and Indian Punjabi (written in Gurmukhi) is referred as Eastern-Punjabi (or East-Punjabi), although the underlying language is the same with a very slight shift in vocabulary towards Islamic and Sikh words respectively.
Western Punjabi may refer to: Lahnda, also known as Western Punjabi, a linguistically defined group of Punjabi dialects primarily found in Western Punjab; the group of all the Punjabi varieties, whether Lahnda or not, that are spoken in Pakistan; the form of the standard Punjabi language in Pakistan (ISO 639-3: pnb)
Its name is derived from the former Shahpur District. Grierson (1919) considered Shahpuri to be representative of Lahnda (Western Punjabi), but later opinions by Shackle (1976) and Masica (1991) have re-classified it as a general dialect of Punjabi, with certain Saraiki features.
The linguist George Abraham Grierson in his multi volume Linguistic Survey of India (1904–1928) considered the various dialects up to then called "Western Punjabi", spoken in North, West, and South of Lahore in what is now Pakistani Punjab, as constituting instead a distinct language from Punjabi. (The local dialect of Lahore is the Majhi ...
Jatki, Jadgali, and other related terms have sometimes been used to refer to one or another of the Indo-Aryan languages spoken in Balochistan and neighbouring parts of Sindh and Punjab. Jatki (جٹکی, Lahnda pronunciation: [ˈd͡ʒə.ʈə̆.kiː]) is a name of a dialect group of Western Punjabi.
Dhani or Dhanni (دھنّی; pronounced [ˈd̥ə˥˩n.niː]) [1] is a western dialect of the Punjabi language spoken in the southern region of the Pothohar Plateau in Punjab, Pakistan. It is predominantly spoken in the Chakwal and Talagang districts; as well as in the southern portions of Attock and Jhelum districts.
Commonly the literature written in this type of Punjabi is referred to as Parvasi, which literally means Emigre. [1] The Punjabi immigrants' children speak Punjabi as a second language and have codified it to the grammatical patterns of English. This has resulted in a language often referred to as Hinglish, Pinglish or Punglish