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Bad breath, also known as halitosis, is a symptom in which a noticeably unpleasant breath odour is present. [1] It can result in anxiety among those affected. [1] It is also associated with depression and symptoms of obsessive compulsive disorder. [1] The concerns of bad breath may be divided into genuine and non-genuine cases. [2]
He helped organize international meetings on the subject of diagnosis and treatment of bad breath, was a founding member of the International Society for Breath Odor Research, lectured internationally, and trained a cadre of international experts on this subject.
A Halimeter is an instrument for measurement of the level of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) in the mouth.. Halimeter was introduced in the early 1990s as an adjunct method for determining halitosis (bad breath, oral malodor) levels, alongside human assessment of odor levels (the latter is considered the gold standard).
Breath spray is a product sprayed into the mouth for the purpose of temporarily eliminating or at least covering up bad breath. The masking effect is short-term [ 1 ] and reported to last for 4-6 hours.
The defining feature of ORS is excessive thoughts of having offensive body odor(s) which are detectable to others. The individual may report that the odor comes from: the nose and/or mouth, i.e. halitosis (bad breath); the anus; the genitals; the skin generally; or specifically the groin, armpits or feet.
It is a colorless gas with a distinctive putrid smell. It is a natural substance found in the blood, brain and feces of animals (including humans), as well as in plant tissues. It also occurs naturally in certain foods, such as some nuts and cheese. It is one of the chemical compounds responsible for bad breath and the smell of flatus.
Smell as evidence of disease has been long used, dating back to Hippocrates around 400 years BCE. [1] It is still employed with a focus on volatile organic compounds (VOCs) found in body odor. [ 2 ] VOCs are carbon-based molecular groups having a low molecular weight, secreted during cells' metabolic processes. [ 3 ]
This condition causes fever, rapid breathing coupled with rapid heart rate, labored breathing and severe shortness of breath. Other effects include diaphoresis, chest pain, and persistent dry cough, all of which may result in weight loss, anorexia and may also lead to right-side heart enlargement and heart disease in advanced cases.