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Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic used to treat a number of bacterial infections. [5] This includes bone and joint infections , intra-abdominal infections, certain types of infectious diarrhea , respiratory tract infections , skin infections, typhoid fever , and urinary tract infections , among others. [ 5 ]
Physicians legally can and often do prescribe medicines for purposes not listed in this section (so-called "off-label uses"). Contraindications - lists situations in which the medication should not be used, for example in patients with other medical conditions such as kidney problems or allergies
Fluoroquinolones are often used for genitourinary tract infections [5] and are widely used in the treatment of hospital-acquired infections associated with urinary catheters. In community-acquired infections , they are recommended only when risk factors for multidrug resistance are present or after other antibiotic regimens have failed.
It is the most important type of antibacterial agent for fighting bacterial infections, and antibiotic medications are widely used in the treatment and prevention of such infections. [1] [2] They may either kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. A limited number of antibiotics also possess antiprotozoal activity.
However, these classifications are based on laboratory behavior. The development of antibiotics has had a profound effect on the health of people for many years. Also, both people and animals have used antibiotics to treat infections and diseases. In practice, both treat bacterial infections. [1]
Ciprofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, has shown in vitro activity against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Tetracyclines are generally used in the treatment of infections of the urinary tract, respiratory tract, and the intestines and are also used in the treatment of chlamydia, especially in patients allergic to β-lactams and macrolides; however, their use for these indications is less popular than it once was due to widespread development of resistance in the causative organisms.
Imipenem, the first clinically used carbapenem, was developed at Merck and Co. It was approved for use in the United States in 1985. [21] Imipenem is hydrolyzed in the mammalian kidney by a dehydropeptidase enzyme to a nephrotoxic intermediate, and thus is co-formulated with the dehydropeptidase inhibitor cilastatin. [5]