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Nitric oxide sensing in plants is mediated by the N-end rule of proteolysis [61] [62] and controls abiotic stress responses such as flooding-induced hypoxia, [63] salt and drought stress. [64] [65] [66] Nitric oxide interactions have been found within signaling pathways of plant hormones such as auxin, [67] ethylene, [63] [68] [69] Abscisic ...
Nitric oxide synthases (NOSs) are a family of enzymes catalyzing the production of nitric oxide (NO) from L-arginine. NO is an important cellular signaling molecule. It helps modulate vascular tone , insulin secretion, airway tone, and peristalsis , and is involved in angiogenesis and neural development.
The three gases have similar features and, in theory, participate in shared signaling pathways, although their actions can either be synergistic or antagonistic. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] Nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide are highly reactive with numerous molecular targets, whereas carbon monoxide is relatively stable and metabolically inert predominately ...
CAPON binds nitric oxide synthase, regulating NMDA receptor–mediated glutamate neurotransmission. Furthermore, problems with producing or using glutamate have been suggestively and tentatively linked to many mental disorders, including autism, obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), schizophrenia, and depression. [81]
Nitric oxide synthase activity may also result in the subsequent activation of guanylyl cyclase and PKG. [54] Similarly, activation of dopamine receptors may enhance LTP through the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway. [55] [56]
The changes elicited by ligand binding (or signal sensing) in a receptor give rise to a biochemical cascade, which is a chain of biochemical events known as a signaling pathway. When signaling pathways interact with one another they form networks, which allow cellular responses to be coordinated, often by combinatorial signaling events. [2]
Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH 4, THB), also known as sapropterin (), [5] [6] is a cofactor of the three aromatic amino acid hydroxylase enzymes, [7] used in the degradation of amino acid phenylalanine and in the biosynthesis of the neurotransmitters serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), melatonin, dopamine, norepinephrine (noradrenaline), epinephrine (adrenaline), and is a cofactor for the ...
Endothelial NOS (eNOS), also known as nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3) or constitutive NOS (cNOS), is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the NOS3 gene located in the 7q35-7q36 region of chromosome 7. [5]