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In fruit trees, bees are an essential part of the pollination process for the formation of fruit. [2] Pollination of fruit trees around the world has been highly studied for hundreds of years. [1] Much is known about fruit tree pollination in temperate climates, but much less is known about fruit tree pollination in tropical climates. [1]
fruit 4-essential 2-4 temperate Cucumber: Cucumis sativus: Honey bees, squash bees, bumblebees, leafcutter bee (in greenhouse pollination), solitary bees (for some parthenocarpic gynoecious green house varieties pollination is detrimental to fruit quality) fruit 3-great 1-2 temperate Squash, pumpkin, gourd, marrow, zucchini: Cucurbita spp.
Many commercial fruit tree varieties are grafted clones, genetically identical. An orchard block of apples of one variety is genetically a single plant. Many growers now consider this a mistake. One means of correcting this mistake is to graft a limb of an appropriate pollenizer (generally a variety of crabapple) every six trees or so.
Fruit tree propagation is frequently performed by budding or grafting desirable cultivars , onto rootstocks that are also clones, propagated by stooling. In horticulture, a cutting is a branch that has been cut off from a mother plant below an internode and then rooted, often with the help of a rooting liquid or powder containing hormones.
The genus Ficus is composed of 800 species of vines, shrubs, and trees, defined by their syconiums, the fruit-like vessels that either hold female flowers or pollen on the inside. In addition to being cultivated by humans for thousands of years, Ficus is also known for its reproductive mutualism with the fig wasp .
Cross-pollination, where pollen from one plant can only fertilize a different plant; Asexual propagation (e.g. runners from strawberry plants) where the new plant is genetically identical to its parent; Apomixis (self-cloning), where seeds are produced asexually and the new plant is genetically identical to its parent
Allogamy – cross pollination, when one plant pollinates another plant; Anemophilous – wind-pollinated. Autogamy – self-pollination, when the flowers of the same plant pollinate each other, including a flower pollinating itself. Cantharophilous – beetle-pollinated. Chiropterophilous – bat-pollinated.
Family trees typically combine several cultivars (two or three being most common) of apple, pear or a given species of stonefruit on a single rootstock, while fruit salad trees typically carry two or more different species from within a given genus, such as plum, apricot, and peach or mandarin orange, lemon, and lime.