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Vocal cord paresis, also known as recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis or vocal fold paralysis, is an injury to one or both recurrent laryngeal nerves (RLNs), which control all intrinsic muscles of the larynx except for the cricothyroid muscle.
A major function: controls muscles for voice and resonance and the soft palate. Symptoms of damage: dysphagia (swallowing problems), velopharyngeal insufficiency. This nerve is involved (together with nerve IX) in the pharyngeal reflex or gag reflex. XI Accessory. Sometimes: cranial accessory, spinal accessory. Mainly motor Cranial and Spinal Roots
impairment of tactile sensation; impairment of proprioception, i.e. postural sensation and sensation of passive movement; sensory and visual neglect syndromes, i.e. inability to pay attention to things in certain parts of the person's sensory or spatial environment; this may be as extreme as denial of a limb
Möbius syndrome results from the underdevelopment of the VI and VII cranial nerves. [4] The causes of Möbius syndrome are poorly understood. It is thought to result from a vascular disruption (temporary loss of blood flow) in the brain during prenatal development. [4] There can be many reasons for vascular disruption leading to Möbius syndrome.
A variety of nerve types can be subjected to neurapraxia and therefore symptoms of the injury range in degree and intensity. Common symptoms of neurapraxia are disturbances in sensation, weakness of muscle, vasomotor and sudomotor paralysis in the region of the affected nerve or nerves, and abnormal sensitivity of the nerve at the point of injury. [1]
In contrast, pseudobulbar palsy is a clinical syndrome similar to bulbar palsy but in which the damage is located in upper motor neurons of the corticobulbar tracts in the mid-pons (i.e., in the cranial nerves IX-XII), that is the nerve cells coming down from the cerebral cortex innervating the motor nuclei in the medulla.
Cranial nerve disease is an impaired functioning of one of the twelve cranial nerves. Although it could theoretically be considered a mononeuropathy , it is not considered as such under MeSH . It is possible for a disorder of more than one cranial nerve to occur at the same time, if a trauma occurs at a location where many cranial nerves run ...
Brain injuries often create impairment or disability that can vary greatly in severity. In cases of severe brain injuries, the likelihood of areas with permanent disability is great, including neurocognitive deficits , delusions (often, to be specific, monothematic delusions ), speech or movement problems, and intellectual disability .