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Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), central sleep apnea (CSA), mixed sleep apnea [1] Risk factors: Overweight, family history, allergies, enlarged tonsils, [6] asthma [7] Diagnostic method: Overnight sleep study [8] Treatment: Lifestyle changes, mouthpieces, breathing devices, surgery [1] Frequency
Treatment-emergent central sleep apnea (TECSA), also known as complex sleep apnea, is a type of sleep apnea that typically develops when a patient starts CPAP therapy for OSA. This can occur when ...
(Or if a person has sleep apnea caused by both causes, it is variously referred to by a number of names, such as mixed sleep apnea or complex sleep apnea.) Hypopnea is traditionally considered to be less severe than apnea (the complete cessation of breathing), while other researchers have discovered hypopnea to have a "similar if not ...
Untreated sleep apnea can lead to serious health conditions. Moderate to severe sleep apnea can increase your risk of: High blood pressure. Heart failure. Cardiovascular disease. Stroke. Fatty ...
K-complex consists of a brief negative high-voltage peak, usually greater than 100 μV, followed by a slower positive complex around 350 and 550 ms and at 900 ms a final negative peak. K-complexes occur roughly every 1.0–1.7 minutes and are often followed by bursts of sleep spindles .
The conditions of hypoxia and hypercapnia, whether caused by apnea or not, trigger additional effects on the body.The immediate effects of central sleep apnea on the body depend on how long the failure to breathe endures, how short is the interval between failures to breathe, and the presence or absence of independent conditions whose effects amplify those of an apneic episode.
Periodic breathing is clusters of breaths separated by intervals of apnea or near-apnea. As opposed to normal breathing which is usually regular, periodic breathing is defined as three or more episodes of central apnea lasting at least 4 seconds, separated by no more than 30 seconds of normal breathing. [1]
A little over 50% of all people with Down syndrome experience obstructive sleep apnea, [59] and some physicians advocate routine testing of this group. [60] In other craniofacial syndromes, the abnormal feature may actually improve the airway, but its correction may put the person at risk for obstructive sleep apnea after surgery when it is ...
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