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Even an alkyl group (with a benzylic hydrogen) on an aromatic ring is oxidized, e.g. toluene to benzoic acid. [ 72 ] 5 C 6 H 5 CH 3 + 6 KMnO 4 + 9 H 2 SO 4 5 C 6 H 5 COOH + 14 H 2 O + 3 K 2 SO 4 + 6 MnSO 4 {\displaystyle {\ce {5 C6H5CH3 + 6 KMnO4 + 9 H2SO4 -> 5 C6H5COOH + 14 H2O + 3 K2SO4 + 6 MnSO4}}}
A permanganate can oxidize an amine to a nitro compound, [7] [8] an alcohol to a ketone, [9] an aldehyde to a carboxylic acid, [10] [11] a terminal alkene to a carboxylic acid, [12] oxalic acid to carbon dioxide, [13] and an alkene to a diol. [14] This list is not exhaustive. In alkene oxidations one intermediate is a cyclic Mn(V) species: [15]
Permanganic acid (or manganic(VII) acid) is the inorganic compound with the formula H MnO 4 and various hydrates. [3] This strong oxoacid has been isolated as its dihydrate. It is the conjugate acid of permanganate salts. It is the subject of few publications and its characterization as well as its uses are very limited.
The reaction initially produces permanganic acid, HMnO 4 (structurally, HOMnO 3), which is dehydrated by cold sulfuric acid to form its anhydride, Mn 2 O 7: 2 KMnO 4 + 2 H 2 SO 4 → Mn 2 O 7 + H 2 O + 2 KHSO 4. Mn 2 O 7 can react further with sulfuric acid to give the remarkable manganyl(VII) cation MnO + 3, which is isoelectronic with CrO 3:
Chemical chameleon reaction. The chemical chameleon is a redox reaction, well known from classroom demonstrations, that exploits the dramatic color changes associated with the various oxidation states of manganese.
Heterogeneous OER is sensitive to the surface which the reaction takes place and is also affected by the pH of the solution. The general mechanism for acidic and alkaline solutions is shown below. Under acidic conditions water binds to the surface with the irreversible removal of one electron and one proton to form a platinum hydroxide. [4]
The international pictogram for oxidizing chemicals. Dangerous goods label for oxidizing agents. An oxidizing agent (also known as an oxidant, oxidizer, electron recipient, or electron acceptor) is a substance in a redox chemical reaction that gains or "accepts"/"receives" an electron from a reducing agent (called the reductant, reducer, or electron donor).
4, also known as manganate(VI) because it contains manganese in the +6 oxidation state. [1] Manganates are the only known manganese(VI) compounds. [2] Other manganates include hypomanganate or manganate(V), MnO 3− 4, permanganate or manganate(VII), MnO − 4, and the dimanganate or dimanganate(III) Mn 2 O 6− 6. A manganate(IV) anion MnO 4−