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Heterogeneous OER is sensitive to the surface which the reaction takes place and is also affected by the pH of the solution. The general mechanism for acidic and alkaline solutions is shown below. Under acidic conditions water binds to the surface with the irreversible removal of one electron and one proton to form a platinum hydroxide. [4]
Water oxidation catalysis (WOC) is the acceleration (catalysis) of the conversion of water into oxygen and protons: 2 H 2 O → 4 H + + 4 e − + O 2. Many catalysts are effective, both homogeneous catalysts and heterogeneous catalysts. The oxygen evolving complex in photosynthesis is the premier example. There is no interest in generating ...
Heterogeneous photocatalysis is a discipline which includes a large variety of reactions: mild or total oxidations, dehydrogenation, hydrogen transfer, 18 O 2 – 16 O 2 and deuterium-alkane isotopic exchange, metal deposition, water detoxification, and gaseous pollutant removal.
The oxidation of hydrocarbons to water and carbon dioxide: 2 C 6 H 6 + 15 O 2 → 12 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O; This process can occur with any of hydrocarbon, but most commonly is performed with petrol or diesel. Asymmetric heterogeneous catalysis facilitates the production of pure enantiomer compounds using chiral heterogeneous catalysts. [26]
Oxidation catalysis is conducted by both heterogeneous catalysis and homogeneous catalysis. In the heterogeneous processes, gaseous substrate and oxygen (or air) are passed over solid catalysts. Typical catalysts are platinum, and redox-active oxides of iron, vanadium, and molybdenum.
Heterogeneous water oxidation; High-pressure electrolysis; High-temperature electrolysis; Hofmann voltameter; Home Energy Station; Homefueler; The Hopewell Project; Hybrid power; Hybrid sulfur cycle; HydrogenPro; Hyport Duqm
The heterogeneous process ultimately failed due to catalyst inactivation and was replaced by the water-based homogeneous system for which a pilot plant was operational in 1958. Problems with the aggressive catalyst solution were solved by adopting titanium (newly available for industrial use) as construction material for reactors and pumps ...
The first step in the WGS reaction is the high temperature shift which is carried out at temperatures between 320 °C and 450 °C. As mentioned before, the catalyst is a composition of iron-oxide, Fe 2 O 3 (90-95%), and chromium oxides Cr 2 O 3 (5-10%) which have an ideal activity and selectivity at these temperatures.