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General; Tax avoidance. Repatriation tax avoidance; Tax evasion; Tax resistance; Tax shelter; Debtors' prison; Smuggling; Black market; Unreported employment; Corporate
A Credit valuation adjustment (CVA), [a] in financial mathematics, is an "adjustment" to a derivative's price, as charged by a bank to a counterparty to compensate it for taking on the credit risk of that counterparty during the life of the transaction. "CVA" can refer more generally to several related concepts, as delineated aside.
Trade credit is the loan extended by one trader to another when the goods and services are bought on credit. Trade credit facilitates the purchase of supplies without immediate payment. Trade credit is commonly used by business organizations as a source of short-term financing. It is granted to those customers who have a reasonable amount of ...
Trade credit is essentially a short-term loan without interest. When discounts for faster payment and penalties for late payments are taken into consideration, however, trade credit can still cost ...
The key variables for (credit) risk assessment are the probability of default (PD), the loss given default (LGD) and the exposure at default (EAD).The credit conversion factor calculates the amount of a free credit line and other off-balance-sheet transactions (with the exception of derivatives) to an EAD amount [2] and is an integral part in the European banking regulation since the Basel II ...
The credit is generally limited to those taxes of a nature similar to the tax against which the credit is allowed (for example, taxes on net income after the allowance of deductions). [3] Rules defining taxes eligible for credit may refer to one or more of the following characteristics of such tax:
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Free trade is a trade policy that does not restrict imports or exports. In government, free trade is predominantly advocated by political parties that hold ...