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In the paint and coating industries, paint adhesion testing is often used to determine if the paint or coating will adhere properly to the substrates to which they are applied. Several tests measure the resistance of paints and coatings from substrates: cross-cut test, scrape adhesion, pull-off test , and others.
A test patch should be as clean as possible. Contamination of a patch can influence the results significantly. Bresle patch injected with 15ml water as in ISO 8502-6 Annex A. The ISO 8502-6 standard prescribes in annex A that certified patches shall be used. This annex describes a stress test to ensure patch adhesion and wash ability.
The below calculated ACIs were done on solvent-based primer containing 350 g/L of solvents and the water-based primer containing 50 g/L of butyl glycol. The values on this chart indicate that the use of mineral spirits based primers would need 6 to 7 air changes per hour requiring significant ventilation. The use of low-odor, isoparaffinic ...
Most coatings have four basic components. These are the resin, solvent, pigment and additive systems [5] but the resin or binder is the key ingredient. Continuing environmental legislation in many countries along with geopolitics such as oil production are ensuring that chemists are increasingly turning to waterborne technology for paint/coatings and since resins or binders are the most ...
Water-based makeup appeared after the end of World War II, with emulsifiers that could successfully keep a water-and-oil blended emulsion stable being the key to their development. This creamy liquid provided medium coverage with a far more natural feel and appearance than oil, powder, or emollient bases of the time, and became popular with ...
The solvent also modifies the curing rate and viscosity of the paint in its liquid state. There are two types of paint: solvent-borne and water-borne paints. Solvent-borne paints use organic solvents as the primary vehicle carrying the solid components in a paint formulation, whereas water-borne paints use water as the continuous medium.
Usage of kohl eye paint in the Horn of Africa dates to the ancient Kingdom of Punt. [4] Somali , Djiboutian , Ethiopian , and Eritrean women have long applied kohl ( kuul ) for cosmetic purposes, as well as to cleanse the eyes, lengthen eyelashes, and to protect the eyes from the sun's rays.
Kyoto geisha Toshimana holding a Nōh mask, wearing full make-up and a katsura (wig). Oshiroi ( 白粉 ) is a powder foundation traditionally used by kabuki actors, geisha and their apprentices . The word is written with kanji meaning "white powder", and is pronounced as the word for white ( shiroi ) with the honorific prefix o- .