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The Rainbow Herbicides are a group of tactical-use chemical weapons used by the United States military in Southeast Asia during the Vietnam War.Success with Project AGILE field tests in 1961 with herbicides in South Vietnam was inspired by the British use of herbicides and defoliants during the Malayan Emergency in the 1950s, which led to the formal herbicidal program Trail Dust (see Operation ...
2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T). The active ingredient of Agent Orange was an equal mixture of two phenoxy herbicides – 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) – in iso-octyl ester form, which contained traces of the dioxin 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo ...
Ship Class / type Notes 26 January Netherlands: Ferus Smit Westerbroek Arklow Grace: For Arklow Shipping [1] [2] 25 February Germany: Meyer Werft: Papenburg: Silver Ray: Nova-class cruise ship For Silversea Cruises [3] [4] March Egypt: Viking Hathor: River Cruise Ship For Viking Cruises [5] 12 April Netherlands: Ferus Smit Westerbroek Arklow Guard
For example, in 1974, Shell Oil contracted to have liquid chlorinated hydrocarbon wastes from its Shell Chemical subsidiary incinerated in the Gulf of Mexico, [8] [9] and in 1977 in the South Pacific, Vulcanus disposed of more than 8 million liters of Agent Orange left over from the Vietnam War, [10] in the U.S. Air Force Operation Pacer HO.
Between 1962 and 1971, the U.S. military sprayed roughly 11 million gallons of the chemical agent dioxin used in Agent Orange across large swaths of southern Vietnam.
Huey helicopters were used to disperse Agent Orange across forests and farms in over 6,500 missions in a nine year period of the Vietnam War. Image source: Wikimedia Commons The use of Agent ...
Agent Orange, a defoliant used by the British in the Malayan Emergency and the U.S. in the Vietnam War, was equal parts 2,4,5-T and 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid). 2,4,5-T itself is toxic with a NOAEL of 3 mg/kg/day and a LOAEL of 10 mg/kg/day. [3] Agent Pink contained 100% 2,4,5-T (dioxin
The US-Vietnam Dialogue Group on Agent Orange/Dioxin, composed of members of the Aspen Institute, Vietnam National University, and Vietnam Veterans Association, is the most notable example of this civic response. Long-term programs and continued check-ups on the state of current plans to address Agent Orange are heavily monitored. [34]