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An ascus (from Ancient Greek ἀσκός (askós) 'skin bag, wineskin'; pl.: asci) [1] is the sexual spore-bearing cell produced in ascomycete fungi. Each ascus usually contains eight ascospores (or octad), produced by meiosis followed, in most species, by a mitotic cell division.
There are 2000 identified genera and 30,000 species of Ascomycota. The unifying characteristic among these diverse groups is the presence of a reproductive structure known as the ascus, though in some cases it has a reduced role in the life cycle. Many ascomycetes are of commercial importance.
This binuclear cell initiates ascus formation and is called an "ascus-initial" cell. Next the two uninucleate cells on either side of the first ascus-forming cell fuse with each other to form a binucleate cell that can grow to form a further crozier that can then form its own ascus-initial cell. This process can then be repeated multiple times.
An ascocarp, or ascoma (pl.: ascomata), is the fruiting body of an ascomycete phylum fungus. It consists of very tightly interwoven hyphae and millions of embedded asci, each of which typically contains four to eight ascospores.
The generic name polyascus (poly "many" + ascus "bag") refers to the typical presence of multiple external sac-like female bodies, known as externae. In Polyascus species, these originate from asexual reproduction. [1]
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There is a relatively low diversity of crustose Teloschistaceae in Central Europe. Localised exceptions occur primarily in sunlit locations with either calcareous or nutrient-rich siliceous rock formations; these habitats are predominant in the alpine regions of the Alps and the Carpathian Mountains , as well as in the arid, warm rocky steppes ...
The ascus is a diagnostic morphological feature of the bryozoan suborder Ascophora (hence the name of the suborder). [1] It is a water-filled sac of frontal membrane ...