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ggplot2 is an open-source data visualization package for the statistical programming language R.Created by Hadley Wickham in 2005, ggplot2 is an implementation of Leland Wilkinson's Grammar of Graphics—a general scheme for data visualization which breaks up graphs into semantic components such as scales and layers. ggplot2 can serve as a replacement for the base graphics in R and contains a ...
Compact Letter Display (CLD) is a statistical method to clarify the output of multiple hypothesis testing when using the ANOVA and Tukey's range tests. CLD can also be applied following the Duncan's new multiple range test (which is similar to Tukey's range test).
A violin plot (on the left) and a sina plot (on the right) for the same sample. A sina plot is a type of diagram in which numerical data are depicted by points distributed in such a way that the width of the point distribution is proportional to the kernel density.
Figure 2. Box-plot with whiskers from minimum to maximum Figure 3. Same box-plot with whiskers drawn within the 1.5 IQR value. A boxplot is a standardized way of displaying the dataset based on the five-number summary: the minimum, the maximum, the sample median, and the first and third quartiles.
UpSet plots became popular as they became available as an R-library based on ggplot2, [3] and were subsequently re-implemented in various programming languages, such as Python, and others. [4] As of January 2024, UpSetR has been downloaded from CRAN more than 1.5 million times, although it was last updated 5 years ago. [5]
In statistical graphics, the functional boxplot is an informative exploratory tool that has been proposed for visualizing functional data. [1] [2] Analogous to the classical boxplot, the descriptive statistics of a functional boxplot are: the envelope of the 50% central region, the median curve and the maximum non-outlying envelope.
Violin plots are similar to box plots, except that they also show the probability density of the data at different values, usually smoothed by a kernel density estimator.A violin plot will include all the data that is in a box plot: a marker for the median of the data; a box or marker indicating the interquartile range; and possibly all sample points, if the number of samples is not too high.
Plot with random data showing homoscedasticity: at each value of x, the y-value of the dots has about the same variance. Plot with random data showing heteroscedasticity: The variance of the y-values of the dots increases with increasing values of x.