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Content Knowledge (CK); and 3. Pedagogical Knowledge (PK). In 2019, Mishra [10] proposed a revised TPACK diagram to emphasize the context in which technology integration occurs by retitling the outer circle as Contextual Knowledge or XK. Technological Knowledge (TK) addresses how teachers demonstrate professional knowledge of technology.
Connectivism is a theoretical framework for understanding learning in a digital age. It emphasizes how internet technologies such as web browsers, search engines, wikis, online discussion forums, and social networks contributed to new avenues of learning.
Pedretti, E. (1996) Learning about science, technology and society (STS) through an action research project: co-constructing an issues based model for STS education. School Science and Mathematics, 96 (8), pp. 432–440. Pedretti, E. (1997) Septic tank crisis: a case study of science, technology and society education in an elementary school.
Constructionism advocates student-centered, discovery learning where students use what they already know to acquire more knowledge. [1] Students learn through participation in project-based learning where they make connections between different ideas and areas of knowledge facilitated by the teacher through coaching rather than using lectures ...
A communications artifact (Rugby Aerial Tuning Inductor) at the Science Museum, London, UK . Science and technology studies (STS) or science, technology, and society is an interdisciplinary field that examines the creation, development, and consequences of science and technology in their historical, cultural, and social contexts.
Early e-learning systems, based on computer-based learning/training often replicated autocratic teaching styles whereby the role of the e-learning system was assumed to be for transferring knowledge, as opposed to systems developed later based on computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL), which encouraged the shared development of knowledge.
Computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL) is a pedagogical approach wherein learning takes place via social interaction using a computer or through the Internet. This kind of learning is characterized by the sharing and construction of knowledge among participants using technology as their primary means of communication or as a common resource. [1]
The use of the term conceptual framework crosses both scale (large and small theories) [4] [5] and contexts (social science, [6] [7] marketing, [8] applied science, [9] art [10] etc.). The explicit definition of what a conceptual framework is and its application can therefore vary. Conceptual frameworks are beneficial as organizing devices in ...