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Adrenal gland disorders (or diseases) are conditions that interfere with the normal functioning of the adrenal glands. [1] Your body produces too much or too little of one or more hormones when you have an adrenal gland dysfunction. The type of issue you have and the degree to which it affects your body's hormone levels determine the symptoms.
Adrenal glands, anterior (left) and posterior (right) surface. The adrenal glands are located on both sides of the body in the retroperitoneum, above and slightly medial to the kidneys. In humans, the right adrenal gland is pyramidal in shape, whereas the left is semilunar or crescent shaped and somewhat larger. [8]
The adrenal glands produce important hormones that have specific roles in the homeostasis of the body, which are regulated by other glands. These hormones include aldosterone, a mineralocorticoid that regulates the amount of salt in tissue and body fluids, cortisol, a glucocorticoid that regulates metabolism and usage of macronutrients in the body, and sex hormones, such as androgens and ...
Unilateral adrenal hemorrhage is the condition when bleeding occurs in either one of the adrenal glands, predominantly on the right that accounts for around three-quarters of the cases. [9] It is usually associated with blunt force abdominal trauma, primary adrenal or metastatic tumors, long-term use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ...
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a group of autosomal recessive disorders characterized by impaired cortisol synthesis. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It results from the deficiency of one of the five enzymes required for the synthesis of cortisol in the adrenal cortex . [ 3 ]
Primary hypogonadism is a form of testicular failure in which the testicles fail to produce enough testosterone despite strong stimulation from the pituitary gland.
Acromegaly is usually caused by the pituitary gland producing excess growth hormone. In more than 95% of cases, the excess production is due to a benign tumor, known as a pituitary adenoma. The condition is not inherited. Acromegaly is rarely due to a tumor in another part of the body.
Waterhouse–Friderichsen syndrome (WFS) is defined as adrenal gland failure due to bleeding into the adrenal glands, commonly caused by severe bacterial infection. Typically, it is caused by Neisseria meningitidis. [1] The bacterial infection leads to massive bleeding into one or (usually) both adrenal glands. [2]
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