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Cocoa is Apple's native object-oriented application programming interface (API) for its desktop operating system macOS.. Cocoa consists of the Foundation Kit, Application Kit, and Core Data frameworks, as included by the Cocoa.h header file, and the libraries and frameworks included by those, such as the C standard library and the Objective-C runtime.
The Cocoa text system (formerly known simply by the primary class name NSText) is the linked network of classes, protocols, interfaces and objects that provide typography and text field editing capabilities and to Cocoa applications on Apple's macOS, where it is the primary text-handling system. [1]
AppKit (formally Application Kit) [1] is a graphical user interface toolkit. It initially served as the UI framework for NeXTSTEP. [2] Along with Foundation and Display PostScript, it became one of the core parts of the OpenStep specification of APIs. Later, AppKit and Foundation became part of Cocoa, the Objective-C API framework of macOS.
The GNU project started work on its free software implementation of Cocoa, named GNUstep, based on the OpenStep standard. [10] Dennis Glatting wrote the first GNU Objective-C runtime in 1992. The current GNU Objective-C runtime, in use since 1993, is the one developed by Kresten Krab Thorup while he was a university student in Denmark .
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Originally the software was called SOS Interface, and was created by Jean-Marie Hullot whilst he was a researcher at Inria at Rocquencourt near Paris. He was allowed to retain ownership of the software upon resigning from Inria, and spent a year working it into a fully-featured product, now named Interface Builder [1] and distributed for Macintosh by ExperTelligence in the USA in 1986. [2]
With the purchase of NeXT in late 1996, Apple developed a new operating system strategy based largely on the existing OPENSTEP for Mach platform. The new Rhapsody OS strategy was relatively simple; it retained most of OpenStep's existing object libraries under the name "Yellow Box", ported the existing GUI in OPENSTEP for Mach and made it look more Mac-like, ported several major APIs from the ...
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