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  2. Device configuration overlay - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Device_configuration_overlay

    To determine the actual size and features of a disk, the DEVICE_­CONFIGURATION_­IDENTIFY command is used, and the output of this command can be compared to the output of IDENTIFY_­DEVICE to see if a DCO is present on a given hard drive. Most major tools will remove the DCO in order to fully image a hard drive, using the DEVICE ...

  3. Disk formatting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disk_formatting

    Formatting a disk for use by an operating system and its applications typically involves three different processes. [e]Low-level formatting (i.e., closest to the hardware) marks the surfaces of the disks with markers indicating the start of a recording block (typically today called sector markers) and other information like block CRC to be used later, in normal operations, by the disk ...

  4. format (command) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Format_(command)

    In computing, format is a command-line utility that carries out disk formatting. It is a component of various operating systems , including 86-DOS , MS-DOS , IBM PC DOS and OS/2 , Microsoft Windows and ReactOS .

  5. Rufus (software) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rufus_(software)

    Rufus was originally designed [5] as a modern open source replacement for the HP USB Disk Storage Format Tool for Windows, [6] which was primarily used to create DOS bootable USB flash drives. The first official release of Rufus, version 1.0.3 (earlier versions were internal/alpha only [ 7 ] ), was released on December 04, 2011, with originally ...

  6. Write protection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Write_protection

    3 + 1 ⁄ 2-inch floppy disks have a sliding tab in a window on the right side (open = protected). Iomega Zip disks were write-protected using the IomegaWare software. Syquest EZ-drive (135 & 250 MB) disks were write-protected using a small metal switch on the rear of the disk at the bottom.

  7. Host protected area - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Host_protected_area

    It is protected because the OS will work with only the value in the register that is returned by the IDENTIFY DEVICE command and thus will normally be unable to address the parts of the drive that lie within the HPA. The HPA is useful only if other software or firmware (e.g. BIOS or UEFI) is able to use it. Software and firmware that are able ...

  8. Advanced Format - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Format

    When using Advanced Format drives with legacy operating systems, it is important to realign the disk drive using software provided by the hard disk manufacturer. Disk realignment is necessary to avoid a performance degrading condition known as cluster straddling where a shifted partition causes filesystem clusters to span partial physical disk ...

  9. Design of the FAT file system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design_of_the_FAT_file_system

    DR-DOS 7.0x reserved bits other than 3 and 4 for internal purposes since 1997. The value should be set to 0 by formatting tools and must not be changed by disk tools. [47] On FAT32 volumes under OS/2 and eComStation the third-party FAT32.IFS driver utilizes this entry as a mark byte to indicate the presence of extra "␠EA.