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The Summary for policymakers ( SPM ) [1] is a summary of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports intended to aid policymakers. The form is approved line by line by governments: "Negotiations occur over wording to ensure accuracy, balance, clarity of message, and relevance to understanding and policy." [2]
The SPM and the full text of Special Report on Climate Change and Land—in an unedited form—were released on 8 August 2019. The report is over 1,300 pages long and includes the work of 107 experts from 52 countries. The report is the second of three Special Reports in the current Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) cycle which began in 2015 and ...
The Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia (SPM), or the Malaysian Certificate of Education, is a national examination sat for by all fifth-form secondary school students in Malaysia.It is the equivalent of the General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) of England, Wales and Northern Ireland; the Nationals 4/5 of Scotland; and the GCE Ordinary Level (O Level) of the Commonwealth of Nations.
The main legislation governing education is the Education Act 1996 . The education system in Malaysia is divided into five stages: preschool education, primary education, secondary education, post-secondary education and tertiary education. [ 2] It is further divided into national and private education.
Holistic grading or holistic scoring, in standards-based education, is an approach to scoring essays using a simple grading structure that bases a grade on a paper's overall quality. [ 1] This type of grading, which is also described as nonreductionist grading, [ 2] contrasts with analytic grading, [ 3] which takes more factors into account ...
[1] [2] The report's authors [5] built on more than 14,000 scientific papers to produce a 3,949-page report, which was then approved by 195 governments. [6] The Summary for Policymakers (SPM) document was drafted by scientists and agreed to line-by-line by the 195 governments in the IPCC during the five days leading up to 6 August 2021. [ 5 ]
For example, the IPCC Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5 °C was a "key scientific input" into the 2018 United Nations Climate Change Conference. [4] Various pathways are considered in the report, describing scenarios for mitigation of global warming. Pathways include for example portfolios for energy supply and carbon dioxide removal.
August 10, 2024 at 1:14 PM. LONDON (Reuters) - British Prime Minister Keir Starmer has cancelled a planned holiday to focus on his government's response to a series of racist riots that targeted ...