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Heart failure ( HF ), also known as congestive heart failure ( CHF ), is a syndrome caused by an impairment in the heart's ability to fill with and pump blood. Although symptoms vary based on which side of the heart is affected, HF typically presents with shortness of breath, excessive fatigue, and bilateral leg swelling. [ 3 ]
Cardiac arrest, also known as sudden cardiac arrest, is when the heart suddenly and unexpectedly stops beating. [ 11][ 1] As a result, blood cannot properly circulate around the body and there is diminished blood flow to the brain and other organs. When the brain does not receive enough blood, this can cause a person to lose consciousness.
Atrial fibrillation ( AF, AFib or A-fib) is an abnormal heart rhythm (arrhythmia) characterized by rapid and irregular beating of the atrial chambers of the heart. [ 11][ 12] It often begins as short periods of abnormal beating, which become longer or continuous over time. [ 4] It may also start as other forms of arrhythmia such as atrial ...
Frequency. 1 in 2500 [ 9] Dilated cardiomyopathy ( DCM) is a condition in which the heart becomes enlarged and cannot pump blood effectively. [ 3] Symptoms vary from none to feeling tired, leg swelling, and shortness of breath. [ 2] It may also result in chest pain or fainting. [ 2]
Cardiology. Acute decompensated heart failure ( ADHF) is a sudden worsening of the signs and symptoms of heart failure, which typically includes difficulty breathing ( dyspnea ), leg or feet swelling, and fatigue. [ 1] ADHF is a common and potentially serious cause of acute respiratory distress. The condition is caused by severe congestion of ...
Harmful. The main pathophysiology of heart failure is a reduction in the efficiency of the heart muscle, through damage or overloading. As such, it can be caused by a wide number of conditions, including myocardial infarction (in which the heart muscle is starved of oxygen and dies), hypertension (which increases the force of contraction needed ...
Coronary artery disease ( CAD ), also called coronary heart disease ( CHD ), ischemic heart disease ( IHD ), [ 13] myocardial ischemia, [ 14] or simply heart disease, involves the reduction of blood flow to the cardiac muscle due to build-up of atherosclerotic plaque in the arteries of the heart. [ 5][ 6][ 15] It is the most common of the ...
People with congestive heart failure (CHF) are educated to undertake various non- pharmacological measures to improve symptoms and prognosis. Such measures include: [1] Moderate physical activity, when symptoms are mild or moderate; or bed rest when symptoms are severe. If sleep apnea is identified, treat with CPAP, BiPAP, dental appliances or ...
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