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t. e. Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a long-term medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated. [11] High blood pressure usually does not cause symptoms itself. [1] It is, however, a major risk factor for stroke, coronary artery disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, peripheral ...
The pathophysiology of hypertension is an area which attempts to explain mechanistically the causes of hypertension, which is a chronic disease characterized by elevation of blood pressure. Hypertension can be classified by cause as either essential (also known as primary or idiopathic) or secondary. About 90–95% of hypertension is essential ...
Essential hypertension (also called primary hypertension, or idiopathic hypertension) is a form of hypertension without an identifiable physiologic cause. [ 1][ 2] It is the most common type affecting 85% of those with high blood pressure. [ 3][ 4] The remaining 15% is accounted for by various causes of secondary hypertension. [ 3]
Secondary hypertension (or, less commonly, inessential hypertension) is a type of hypertension which has a specific and identifiable underlying primary cause. It is much less common than essential hypertension, affecting only 5-10% of hypertensive patients. It has many different causes including obstructive sleep apnea, kidney disease ...
Hypertensive kidney disease is a medical condition referring to damage to the kidney due to chronic high blood pressure. It manifests as hypertensive nephrosclerosis (sclerosis referring to the stiffening of renal components). [ 2] It should be distinguished from renovascular hypertension, which is a form of secondary hypertension, and thus has ...
In medicine, systolic hypertension is defined as an elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP). [ 1] If the systolic blood pressure is elevated (>140) with a normal (<90) diastolic blood pressure (DBP), it is called isolated systolic hypertension. [ 2] Eighty percent of people with systolic hypertension are over the age of 65 years old. [ 3]
Hypertension is the leading cause of strokes and studies show that it increases the risk of a stroke by 220% [17] [18] and stroke is the leading cause of long-term disability. [19] High blood pressure weakens arteries (small vessel disease) and causes blood vessels to be more likely to clog and/or burst.
Both hypertension and hypotension have many causes and may be of sudden onset or of long duration. Long-term hypertension is a risk factor for many diseases, including stroke, heart disease, and kidney failure. Long-term hypertension is more common than long-term hypotension.