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  2. History of fluid mechanics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_fluid_mechanics

    The history of fluid mechanics is a fundamental strand of the history of physics and engineering. The study of the movement of fluids (liquids and gases) and the forces that act upon them dates back to pre-history. The field has undergone a continuous evolution, driven by human dependence on water, meteorological conditions and internal ...

  3. Fouling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fouling

    Fouling is the accumulation of unwanted material on solid surfaces. The fouling materials can consist of either living organisms ( biofouling, organic) or a non-living substance (inorganic). Fouling is usually distinguished from other surface-growth phenomena in that it occurs on a surface of a component, system, or plant performing a defined ...

  4. Ferrofluid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferrofluid

    Ferrofluid is a liquid that is attracted to the poles of a magnet. It is a colloidal liquid made of nanoscale ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic particles suspended in a carrier fluid (usually an organic solvent or water). [ 1] Each magnetic particle is thoroughly coated with a surfactant to inhibit clumping. Large ferromagnetic particles can be ...

  5. Cast iron pipe - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cast_iron_pipe

    Cast iron pipe is pipe made predominantly from gray cast iron. It was historically used as a pressure pipe for transmission of water, gas and sewage, and as a water drainage pipe during the 17th, 18th, 19th and 20th centuries. In many modern applications, cast iron pipe has been replaced by ductile iron pipe, but this newer product is still ...

  6. Diffusion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffusion

    Three-dimensional rendering of diffusion of purple dye in water. Diffusion is the net movement of anything (for example, atoms, ions, molecules, energy) generally from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. Diffusion is driven by a gradient in Gibbs free energy or chemical potential.

  7. Hydraulic press - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_press

    Hydraulic press. A hydraulic press is a machine press using a hydraulic cylinder to generate a compressive force. [ 1] It uses the hydraulic equivalent of a mechanical lever, and was also known as a Bramah press after the inventor, Joseph Bramah, of England. [ 2] He invented and was issued a patent on this press in 1795.

  8. Pipe (fluid conveyance) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipe_(fluid_conveyance)

    Pipe is usually delivered to a customer or jobsite as either "sticks" or lengths of pipe (typically 20 feet (6.1 m), called single random length) or they are prefabricated with elbows, tees and valves into a prefabricated pipe spool [A pipe spool is a piece of pre-assembled pipe and fittings, usually prepared in a shop so that installation on ...

  9. Decoupage - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decoupage

    Decoupage or découpage ( / ˌdeɪkuːˈpɑːʒ /; [ 1] French: [dekupaʒ]) is the art of decorating an object by gluing colored paper cutouts onto it in combination with special paint effects, gold leaf, and other decorative elements. Commonly, an object like a small box or an item of furniture is covered by cutouts from magazines or from ...