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Pharming [a] is a cyberattack intended to redirect a website's traffic to another, fake site by installing a malicious program on the victim's computer in order to gain access to it. [ citation needed ] Pharming can be conducted either by changing the hosts file on a victim's computer or by exploitation of a vulnerability in DNS server software .
Plant-made pharmaceuticals (PMPs), also referred to as pharming, is a sub-sector of the biotechnologyindustry that involves the process of genetically engineering plants so that they can produce certain types of therapeutically important proteinsand associated molecules such as peptides and secondary metabolites.
Pharmaceutical microbiology is an applied branch of microbiology.It involves the study of microorganisms associated with the manufacture of pharmaceuticals e.g. minimizing the number of microorganisms in a process environment, excluding microorganisms and microbial byproducts like exotoxin and endotoxin from water and other starting materials, and ensuring the finished pharmaceutical product ...
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 14 October 2024. Manipulation of an organism's genome For a non-technical introduction to the topic of genetics, see Introduction to genetics. For the song by Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark, see Genetic Engineering (song). For the Montreal hardcore band, see Genetic Control. Part of a series on ...
A genetically modified organism (GMO) is any organism whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques.The exact definition of a genetically modified organism and what constitutes genetic engineering varies, with the most common being an organism altered in a way that "does not occur naturally by mating and/or natural recombination". [1]
There are many examples in the history of science in which confidence in the established frame of thought was eventually vindicated. Kuhn cites, as an example, that Alexis Clairaut , in 1750, was able to account accurately for the precession of the Moon's orbit using Newtonian theory, after sixty years of failed attempts. [ 15 ]
Pharmacognosy is the study of crude drugs obtained from medicinal plants, animals, fungi, and other natural sources. [1] The American Society of Pharmacognosy defines pharmacognosy as "the study of the physical, chemical, biochemical , and biological properties of drugs, drug substances, or potential drugs or drug substances of natural origin ...
The history of science covers the development of science from ancient times to the present. It encompasses all three major branches of science: natural, social, and formal. [1] Protoscience, early sciences, and natural philosophies such as alchemy and astrology during the Bronze Age, Iron Age, classical antiquity, and the Middle Ages declined ...