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Half-reaction. In chemistry, a half reaction (or half-cell reaction) is either the oxidation or reduction reaction component of a redox reaction. A half reaction is obtained by considering the change in oxidation states of individual substances involved in the redox reaction. Often, the concept of half reactions is used to describe what occurs ...
Mercury beating heart. The mercury beating heart is an electrochemical redox reaction between the elements mercury, iron and chromium. The reaction causes a blob of mercury in water to oscillate. The observeable reaction demonstrates an effect of a non-homogeneous electrical double layer. [1] [2] It is often used as a classroom demonstration.
A redox gradient is a series of reduction-oxidation (redox) reactions sorted according to redox potential. [ 4 ][ 5 ] The redox ladder displays the order in which redox reactions occur based on the free energy gained from redox pairs. [ 4 ][ 5 ][ 6 ] These redox gradients form both spatially and temporally as a result of differences in ...
Chemical reaction. A thermite reaction using iron (III) oxide. The sparks flying outwards are globules of molten iron trailing smoke in their wake. A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the chemical transformation of one set of chemical substances to another. [ 1 ] When chemical reactions occur, the atoms are rearranged and the ...
Redox (/ ˈrɛdɒks / RED-oks, / ˈriːdɒks / REE-doks, reduction–oxidation[2] or oxidation–reduction[3]: 150 ) is a type of chemical reaction in which the oxidation states of the reactants change. [4] Oxidation is the loss of electrons or an increase in the oxidation state, while reduction is the gain of electrons or a decrease in the ...
Cellular respiration is the process by which biological fuels are oxidised in the presence of an inorganic electron acceptor, such as oxygen, to produce large amounts of energy and drive the bulk production of ATP. Anaerobic respiration is used by microorganisms, either bacteria or archaea, in which neither oxygen (aerobic respiration) nor ...
The Wolff–Kishner reduction is a reaction used in organic chemistry to convert carbonyl functionalities into methylene groups. [1] [2] In the context of complex molecule synthesis, it is most frequently employed to remove a carbonyl group after it has served its synthetic purpose of activating an intermediate in a preceding step.
The values below are standard apparent reduction potentials (E°') for electro-biochemical half-reactions measured at 25 °C, 1 atmosphere and a pH of 7 in aqueous solution. [ 1 ][ 2 ] The actual physiological potential depends on the ratio of the reduced (Red) and oxidized (Ox) forms according to the Nernst equation and the thermal voltage.