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Correspondence theory is a traditional model which goes back at least to some of the ancient Greek philosophers such as Plato and Aristotle. [2] [3] This class of theories holds that the truth or the falsity of a representation is determined solely by how it relates to a reality; that is, by whether it accurately describes that reality.
Epistemology is the philosophical study of knowledge.Also called theory of knowledge, [a] it examines what knowledge is and what types of knowledge there are. It further investigates the sources of knowledge, like perception, inference, and testimony, to determine how knowledge is created.
In the related certainty theory, associated with Descartes and Spinoza, a proposition is true if and only if it is known with certainty. Logical positivism attempts to combine positivism with a version of a-priorism. Another theory of truth that is related to a-priorism is the concept-containment theory of truth.
James's pragmatic theory is a synthesis of correspondence theory of truth and coherence theory of truth, with an added dimension. Truth is verifiable to the extent that thoughts and statements correspond with actual things, as well as "hangs together," or coheres, fits as pieces of a puzzle might fit together, and these are in turn verified by ...
Coherentism is a view either about the structure and system of knowledge and truth, or else justified belief. The coherentist's thesis is normally formulated in terms of a denial of its contrary, such as dogmatic foundationalism, which lacks a proof-theoretical framework, or correspondence theory, which lacks universalism.
Richard McKay Rorty (October 4, 1931 – June 8, 2007) was an American philosopher and historian of ideas.Educated at the University of Chicago and Yale University, Rorty's academic career included appointments as the Stuart Professor of Philosophy at Princeton University, the Kenan Professor of Humanities at the University of Virginia, and as a professor of comparative literature at Stanford ...
Immanuel Kant endorses a definition of truth along the lines of the correspondence theory of truth. [71] Kant writes in the Critique of Pure Reason : "The nominal definition of truth, namely that it is the agreement of cognition with its object, is here granted and presupposed". [ 83 ]
This indicates that correspondence is a perfectly valid definition of truth, but is not of itself a valid criterion of truth. An additional test beyond this "definition" is required to determine the precise degree of similarity between what is posited and what exists in objective reality. [7]