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The XYZ Affair was a political and diplomatic episode in 1797 and 1798, early in the presidency of John Adams, involving a confrontation between the United States and Republican France that led to the Quasi-War.
The XYZ Affair outraged the American public, and the United States and France engaged in an undeclared naval conflict known as the Quasi-War, which dominated the remainder of Adams's presidency. Adams presided over an expansion of the army and the navy, and the navy won several successes in the Quasi-War.
A political cartoon depicts the XYZ Affair – America is a woman being plundered by Frenchmen. (1798) In an April 1798 speech to Congress, Adams publicly revealed Talleyrand's machinations, sparking public outrage at the French. [119] Democratic-Republicans were skeptical of the administration's account of what became known as the "XYZ affair."
Diplomatic efforts to resolve the conflict ended in the 1797 dispute known as the XYZ Affair. [10] However, the hostilities created support for establishing a limited naval force, and on 18 June, President John Adams appointed Benjamin Stoddert the first Secretary of the Navy. [11]
A Companion to John Adams and John Quincy Adams (2013) Young C.J. "Serenading the President: John Adams, the XYZ Affair, and the 18th-Century American Presidency" Federal History (2014), vol. 6, pp. 108–122.
John Adams was a schoolmaster. Portrait of John Adams (1735-1826) Second President of the United States of America (1797-1801) (oil on canvas)
March 4, 1797 – John Adams became President of the United States; July 8, 1797 – The Senate expelled Tennessee Senator William Blount for conspiring with the British; July 11, 1798 – The United States Marine Corps was established; XYZ Affair in the U.S., followed by naval skirmishes but no war is declared. The XYZ affair led to several ...
After Pinckney reported this to the recently inaugurated President John Adams in 1797, a commission composed of Pinckney, John Marshall, and Elbridge Gerry was established to treat with the French. Gerry and Marshall joined Pinckney at The Hague and traveled to Paris in October 1797.