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In elementary algebra, the binomial theorem (or binomial expansion) describes the algebraic expansion of powers of a binomial.According to the theorem, the power (+) expands into a polynomial with terms of the form , where the exponents and are nonnegative integers satisfying + = and the coefficient of each term is a specific positive integer ...
Relationship to the binomial theorem [ edit ] The Leibniz rule bears a strong resemblance to the binomial theorem , and in fact the binomial theorem can be proven directly from the Leibniz rule by taking f ( x ) = e a x {\displaystyle f(x)=e^{ax}} and g ( x ) = e b x , {\displaystyle g(x)=e^{bx},} which gives
There are many other combinatorial interpretations of binomial coefficients (counting problems for which the answer is given by a binomial coefficient expression), for instance the number of words formed of n bits (digits 0 or 1) whose sum is k is given by (), while the number of ways to write = + + + where every a i is a nonnegative integer is ...
In mathematics, Kummer's theorem is a formula for the exponent of the highest power of a prime number p that divides a given binomial coefficient. In other words, it gives the p-adic valuation of a binomial coefficient. The theorem is named after Ernst Kummer, who proved it in a paper, (Kummer 1852).
where the above convention for the coefficients of the polynomials agrees with the definition of the binomial coefficients, because both give zero for all i > m and j > n, respectively. By comparing coefficients of x r , Vandermonde's identity follows for all integers r with 0 ≤ r ≤ m + n .
Lucas's theorem can be generalized to give an expression for the remainder when () is divided by a prime power p k.However, the formulas become more complicated. If the modulo is the square of a prime p, the following congruence relation holds for all 0 ≤ s ≤ r ≤ p − 1, a ≥ 0, and b ≥ 0.
It can be used to solve many simple counting problems, such as how many ways there are to put n indistinguishable balls into k distinguishable bins. [4] The solution to this particular problem is given by the binomial coefficient ( n + k − 1 k − 1 ) {\displaystyle {\tbinom {n+k-1}{k-1}}} , which is the number of subsets of size k − 1 that ...
In mathematics, Pascal's rule (or Pascal's formula) is a combinatorial identity about binomial coefficients.It states that for positive natural numbers n and k, + = (), where () is a binomial coefficient; one interpretation of the coefficient of the x k term in the expansion of (1 + x) n.