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  2. Valley of stability - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valley_of_stability

    The chart of those nuclides is also known as a Segrè chart, after the physicist Emilio Segrè. [3] The Segrè chart may be considered a map of the nuclear valley. The region of proton and neutron combinations outside of the valley of stability is referred to as the sea of instability. [4] [5]

  3. Pentanedione - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentanedione

    Pentanedione may refer to: Acetylacetone (2,4-pentanedione) Acetylpropionyl (2,3-pentanedione) See also. C 5 H 8 O 2; Cyclopentanedione

  4. Acetylacetone - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetylacetone

    Acetylacetone is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH 3 −C(=O)−CH 2 −C(=O)−CH 3. It is classified as a 1,3-diketone. It exists in equilibrium with a tautomer CH 3 −C(=O)−CH=C(−OH)−CH 3. The mixture is a colorless liquid.

  5. Mathematical formulation of the Standard Model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_formulation...

    Standard Model of Particle Physics. The diagram shows the elementary particles of the Standard Model (the Higgs boson, the three generations of quarks and leptons, and the gauge bosons), including their names, masses, spins, charges, chiralities, and interactions with the strong, weak and electromagnetic forces.

  6. Isotopic shift - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopic_shift

    The effect of the specific mass shift was first observed in the spectrum of neon isotopes by Nagaoka and Mishima. [ 4 ] Consider the kinetic energy operator in Schrödinger equation of multi-electron atoms: T = p n 2 2 M N + ∑ i p i 2 2 m e , {\displaystyle T={\frac {p_{n}^{2}}{2M_{N}}}+\sum _{i}{\frac {p_{i}^{2}}{2m_{e}}},} For a stationary ...

  7. Electron avalanche - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_avalanche

    A plasma begins with a rare natural 'background' ionization event of a neutral air molecule, perhaps as the result of photoexcitation or background radiation.If this event occurs within an area that has a high potential gradient, the positively charged ion will be strongly attracted toward, or repelled away from, an electrode depending on its polarity, whereas the electron will be accelerated ...

  8. Bessel function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bessel_function

    Bessel functions describe the radial part of vibrations of a circular membrane.. Bessel functions, first defined by the mathematician Daniel Bernoulli and then generalized by Friedrich Bessel, are canonical solutions y(x) of Bessel's differential equation + + = for an arbitrary complex number, which represents the order of the Bessel function.

  9. Thermoelectric materials - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermoelectric_materials

    The efficiency of a thermoelectric device for electricity generation is given by , defined as =.. The maximum efficiency of a thermoelectric device is typically described in terms of its device figure of merit where the maximum device efficiency is approximately given by [7] = + ¯ + ¯ +, where is the fixed temperature at the hot junction, is the fixed temperature at the surface being cooled ...