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Bacteremia is the presence of bacteria in the bloodstream that are alive and capable of reproducing. It is a type of bloodstream infection. [36] Bacteremia is defined as either a primary or secondary process. In primary bacteremia, bacteria have been directly introduced into the bloodstream. [37] Injection drug use may lead to primary bacteremia.
Clostridium tertium bacteremia can cause fever, and directed antibiotic therapy is indicated. [3] C. tertium is commonly (but not universally) resistant to many β-lactam antibiotics such as penicillin and cephalosporin ; clindamycin ; and metronidazole ; but it is susceptible to vancomycin , trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole , and ciprofloxacin ...
Streptococcus bovis is a group of strains of Gram-positive bacteria, originally described as a species, [5] [6] that in humans is associated with urinary tract infections, endocarditis, sepsis, [7] and colorectal cancer. [8] S. bovis is commonly found in the alimentary tract of cattle, sheep, and other ruminants, [9] and may cause ruminal acidosis.
Granulicatella adiacens is a fastidious Gram-positive cocci (pairs, chains) and is part of the nutritionally variant streptococci (NVS). [2] [3] [4] Like other constituents of the NVS, it can cause bacteremia and infective endocarditis (IE), with significant morbidity and mortality.
Example of a workup algorithm of possible bacterial infection in cases with no specifically requested targets (non-bacteria, mycobacteria etc.), with most common situations and agents seen in a New England setting. Main Streptococcus groups are included as "Strep." at bottom left. Diagnosis is by a swab of the affected area for laboratory testing.
Important clinical infections caused by Enterococcus include urinary tract infections (see Enterococcus faecalis), bacteremia, bacterial endocarditis, diverticulitis, meningitis, and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. [4] [8] [9] Sensitive strains of these bacteria can be treated with ampicillin, penicillin and vancomycin. [10]
Enterococcus faecalis – formerly classified as part of the group D Streptococcus system – is a Gram-positive, commensal bacterium inhabiting the gastrointestinal tracts of humans. [1] [2] Like other species in the genus Enterococcus, E. faecalis is found in healthy humans and can be used as a probiotic.
Streptococcus mitis is a species of Gram-positive, mesophilic, alpha-hemolytic bacteria in the genus Streptococcus.These bacteria are facultative anaerobes, and made up of non-motile and non-sporing cocci (round cells) that are catalase negative.