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This was most common from the 1970s through the early 1990s, because GIS software developers had to invent their own geometry data structures, but incorporated existing relational database file formats for the attributes. For example, the Esri Shapefile format includes the .dbf file from the DOS dBase software.
The shapefile format is a geospatial vector data format for geographic information system (GIS) software. It is developed and regulated by Esri as a mostly open specification for data interoperability among Esri and other GIS software products . [ 1 ]
[10]: 215 It was common in early GIS systems such as the Map Overlay and Statistical System (MOSS) as well as most recent data formats, such as the Esri shapefile, geography markup language (GML), and almost all spatial databases. In this model, each feature geometry is encoded separately from any others in the data set, regardless of whether ...
This mismatch was not possible when the census TIGER files were available in ASCII format that was topological unlike shapefiles. The Census Bureau has made the data available through WMS servers. [4] The data forms a base for OpenStreetMap in the US, and also was used for the initial import of US map data into the Waze navigation system.
EPANET uses a binary file format, but also includes the capability for importing and exporting data in dxf, metafile, and ASCII file formats. EPANET's ASCII file format is called an input file within EPANET, and uses a file extension ".inp". [ 4 ]
The 6g [1] cell and its sub-grid.. Geohash is a public domain geocode system invented in 2008 by Gustavo Niemeyer [2] which encodes a geographic location into a short string of letters and digits.