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The graviton's Compton wavelength is at least 1.6 × 10 16 m, or about 1.6 light-years, corresponding to a graviton mass of no more than 7.7 × 10 −23 eV/c 2. [18] This relation between wavelength and mass-energy is calculated with the Planck–Einstein relation , the same formula that relates electromagnetic wavelength to photon energy .
In particle physics, a baryon is a type of composite subatomic particle that contains an odd number of valence quarks, conventionally three. [1] Protons and neutrons are examples of baryons; because baryons are composed of quarks, they belong to the hadron family of particles.
Modern particle physics research is focused on subatomic particles, including atomic constituents, such as electrons, protons, and neutrons (protons and neutrons are composite particles called baryons, made of quarks), that are produced by radioactive and scattering processes; such particles are photons, neutrinos, and muons, as well as a wide ...
The graviton is a hypothetical particle that has been included in some extensions to the Standard Model to mediate the gravitational force. It is in a peculiar category between known and hypothetical particles: As an unobserved particle that is not predicted by, nor required for the Standard Model , it belongs in the table of hypothetical ...
The neutrino [a] was postulated first by Wolfgang Pauli in 1930 to explain how beta decay could conserve energy, momentum, and angular momentum ().In contrast to Niels Bohr, who proposed a statistical version of the conservation laws to explain the observed continuous energy spectra in beta decay, Pauli hypothesized an undetected particle that he called a "neutron", using the same -on ending ...
The graviton is a hypothetical tensor boson proposed to be the carrier of gravitational force in some quantum theories of gravity, but no such theory has been successfully incorporated into the Standard Model, so the Standard Model neither predicts any such particle nor requires it, and no gravitational quantum particle has been indicated by experiment.
Scientists found the particle X(2370) by sifting through a decade of data made up of 10 billion samples and finding a candidate with an average mass of 2,395 MeV/c2, the expected mass of a glueball.
Since the X and Y boson mediate the grand unified force, they would have unusual high mass, which requires more energy to create than the reach of any current particle collider experiment. Significantly, the X and Y bosons couple quarks (constituents of protons and others) to leptons (such as positrons), allowing violation of the conservation ...