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This list of volcanoes in Iceland only includes major active and dormant volcanic mountains, of which at least 18 vents have erupted since human settlement of Iceland began around 900 AD. Subsequent to the main list a list is presented that classifies the volcanoes into zones, systems and types.
The Catalogue of Icelandic Volcanoes (CIV) is a web resource that was created to serve as an official source of information about potentially active volcanoes monitored by Iceland. The creation of the website followed the disruptive 2010 eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull and allows access to a database of recent eruptions and their details.
Iceland experiences frequent volcanic activity, due to its location both on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, a divergent tectonic plate boundary, and being over a hotspot.Nearly thirty volcanoes are known to have erupted in the Holocene epoch; these include Eldgjá, source of the largest lava eruption in human history.
Iceland's location astride the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, where the Eurasian and North American Plates are moving apart, is partly responsible for this intense volcanic activity, but an additional cause is necessary to explain why Iceland is a substantial island while the rest of the ridge mostly consists of seamounts, with peaks below sea level.
The Hofsjökull volcanic system (also Hofsjökull-Kerlingarfjöll volcanic system) contains the largest active central volcano in Iceland. [3] It is called Hofsjökull ( Icelandic : " temple glacier", Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈhɔfsˌjœːkʏtl̥] ⓘ ), after the icecap of the same name.
Eldvörp–Svartsengi (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈɛltˌvœr̥p–ˈsvar̥(t)sˌeiɲcɪ]); "fire cones–black meadow" in Icelandic also Svartsengi volcanic system) is a volcanic system in the southwest of Iceland on the Southern Peninsula, southeast of Keflavík International Airport and north of the town of Grindavík. Made up of fissures ...
Öræfajökull (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈœːrˌaiːvaˌjœːkʏtl̥] ⓘ; 'Öræfi glacier' or 'wasteland glacier') is an ice-covered volcano in south-east Iceland. The largest active volcano and the highest peak in Iceland at 2,110 metres (6,920 ft), it lies within the Vatnajökull National Park and is covered by part of the glacier.
Hamarinn and Hamarskriki in front of Vatnajökull. The Loki-Fögrufjöll (Icelandic pronunciation: [ˈlɔːcɪ-ˈfœɣrʏˌfjœtl̥] ⓘ volcanic system; [2] also known as Hamarinn [ˈhaːmarɪn] after its central volcano or Lokahryggur [ˈlɔːkaˌr̥ɪkːʏr̥]) is a subglacial volcano under the Vatnajökull glacier.