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The aim was to make GE's different strategic business units (SBUs) comparable. Since GE was highly diversified at the time, key factors were sought that would have an impact on economic success regardless of the product. In particular, the return on investment (ROI), i.e. the profit per unit of tied capital, was used as the measure of success.
Performance indicators differ from business drivers and aims (or goals). A school might consider the failure rate of its students as a key performance indicator which might help the school understand its position in the educational community, whereas a business might consider the percentage of income from returning customers as a potential KPI.
As with the process modeling system, SCOR metrics are organized in a hierarchical structure: Level 1 metrics are at the most aggregated level and are typically used by top decision-makers to measure the performance of the company's overall supply chain. Level 2 metrics are primary, high-level measures that may cross multiple SCOR processes.
These steps go beyond the simple task of identifying a small number of financial and non-financial measures, but illustrate the requirement for whatever design process is used to fit within broader thinking about how the resulting balanced scorecard will integrate with the wider business management process.
Academic articles that provide critical reviews of performance measurement in specific domains are also common—e.g. Ittner's observations on non-financial reporting by commercial organisations,; [10] Boris et al.'s observations about use of performance measurement in non-profit organisations, [11] or Bühler et al.'s (2016) analysis of how external turbulence could be reflected in ...
Benchmarking is the practice of comparing business processes and performance metrics to industry bests and best practices from other companies. Dimensions typically measured are quality, time and cost.
These financial metrics measure levels and rates of profitability. Probably the most common way to determine the successfulness of a company is to look at the net profits of the business. Companies are collections of projects and markets, individual areas can be judged on how successful they are at adding to the corporate net profit.
Business performance management (BPM) (also known as corporate performance management (CPM) [2] enterprise performance management (EPM), [3] [4] organizational performance management, or performance management) is a management approach which encompasses a set of processes and analytical tools to ensure that an organization's activities and output are aligned with its goals.