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The universe has appeared much the same as it does now, for many billions of years. It will continue to look similar for many more billions of years into the future. The galactic disk of the Milky Way is estimated to have been formed 8.8 ± 1.7 billion years ago but only the age of the Sun, 4.567 billion years, is known precisely. [69]
4.5 billion Mars reaches the same solar flux as that of the Earth when it first formed 4.5 billion years ago from today. [99] < 5 billion The Andromeda Galaxy will have fully merged with the Milky Way, forming an elliptical galaxy dubbed "Milkomeda". [102] There is also a small chance of the Solar System being ejected.
The timeline of the Universe lists events from its creation to its ultimate final state. For a timeline of the universe from the present to its presumed conclusion, see: Timeline of the far future Chronology of the universe
In physical cosmology, the age of the universe is the time elapsed since the Big Bang: 13.8 billion years. [1] Astronomers have two different approaches to determine the age of the universe . One is based on a particle physics model of the early universe called Lambda-CDM , matched to measurements of the distant, and thus old features, like the ...
XDF (2012) view – each light speck is a galaxy – some of these are as old as 13.2 billion years [56] – the universe is estimated to contain 200 billion galaxies. XDF image shows fully mature galaxies in the foreground plane – nearly mature galaxies from 5 to 9 billion years ago – protogalaxies , blazing with young stars , beyond 9 ...
The Stelliferous Era, is defined as, "6 < n < 14". This is the current era, in which matter is arranged in the form of stars, galaxies, and galaxy clusters, and most energy is produced in stars. Stars will be the most dominant objects of the universe in this era. Massive stars use up their fuel very rapidly, in as little as a few million years.
Although the distance traveled by light from the edge of the observable universe is close to the age of the universe times the speed of light, 13.8 billion light-years (4.2 × 10 ^ 9 pc), the proper distance is larger because the edge of the observable universe and the Earth have since moved further apart.
After 500–600 million years (about 4 billion years ago) Jupiter and Saturn fell into a 2:1 resonance: Saturn orbited the Sun once for every two Jupiter orbits. [3] This resonance created a gravitational push against the outer planets, possibly causing Neptune to surge past Uranus and plough into the ancient Kuiper belt. [ 69 ]