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Vitamin K is a family of structurally similar, fat-soluble vitamers found in foods and marketed as dietary supplements. [1] The human body requires vitamin K for post-synthesis modification of certain proteins that are required for blood coagulation ("K" from Danish koagulation, for "coagulation") or for controlling binding of calcium in bones and other tissues. [2]
The menadione core is apparent in the structure of vitamin K. It is an intermediate in the chemical synthesis of vitamin K by first reduction to the diol menadiol, which is susceptible to coupling to the phytol. [10] It is a useful intermediate for organic synthesis in general, as it can be made and modified in a number of ways. [11]
Vitamin A ; Vitamin B. Vitamin B 1 ; Vitamin B 2 ; Vitamin B 3 (niacin or nicotinic acid) Vitamin B 4 ; Vitamin B 5 (pantothenic acid) Vitamin B 6 (pyridoxine or pyridoxamine) Vitamin B 12 ; Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) Vitamin D ; Vitamin E ; Vitamin F; Vitamin H ; Vitamin K (naphthoquinone) Vitamin M
Vitamin K 2 or menaquinone (MK) (/ ˌ m ɛ n ə ˈ k w ɪ n oʊ n /) is one of three types of vitamin K, the other two being vitamin K 1 (phylloquinone) and K 3 . K 2 is both a tissue and bacterial product (derived from vitamin K 1 in both cases) and is usually found in animal products or fermented foods .
Vitamin K (phylloquinones, menaquinones, and menadiones) Some sources include a fourteenth, choline. [6] Vitamins have diverse biochemical functions. Vitamin A acts as a regulator of cell and tissue growth and differentiation. Vitamin D provides a hormone-like function, regulating mineral metabolism for bones and other organs.
Phytomenadione, also known as vitamin K 1 or phylloquinone, is a vitamin found in food and used as a dietary supplement. [6] [7] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. [8] It is used to treat certain bleeding disorders, [7] including warfarin overdose, vitamin K deficiency, and obstructive jaundice. [7]
Lysine (symbol Lys or K) [2] is an α-amino acid that is a precursor to many proteins.Lysine contains an α-amino group (which is in the protonated −NH + 3 form when the lysine is dissolved in water at physiological pH), an α-carboxylic acid group (which is in the deprotonated −COO − form when the lysine is dissolved in water at physiological pH), and a side chain (CH 2) 4 NH 2 (which ...
Newborn infants are a special case. Plasma vitamin K is low at birth, even if the mother is supplemented during pregnancy, because the vitamin is not transported across the placenta. Vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB) due to physiologically low vitamin K plasma concentrations is a serious risk for premature and term newborn and young infants.