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The Golgi tendon organ (GTO) (also called Golgi organ, tendon organ, neurotendinous organ or neurotendinous spindle) is a proprioceptor – a type of sensory receptor that senses changes in muscle tension. It lies at the interface between a muscle and its tendon known as the musculotendinous junction also known as the myotendinous junction. [1]
The Golgi tendon reflex operates as a protective feedback mechanism to control the tension of an active muscle by causing relaxation before the tendon tension becomes high enough to cause damage. [7] First, as a load is placed on the muscle, the afferent neuron from the Golgi tendon organ fires into the central nervous system.
Golgi tendon organ: II: Aβ: 6–12 μm: Yes: 33–75 m/s: All cutaneous mechanoreceptors including pacinian corpuscles: III Aδ: 1–5 μm: Thin: 3–30 m/s: Free nerve endings of touch and pressure Nociceptors of neospinothalamic tract Cold thermoreceptors: IV C: 0.2–1.5 μm: No: 0.5–2.0 m/s: Nociceptors of paleospinothalamic tract Warmth ...
This reflex is observed in patients with upper motor neuron lesions. It was frequently attributed to the action of the golgi tendon organ, likely because of early studies showing that tendon organs are activated by strong muscle stretch and inhibit motor neurons of the stretched muscle. It was thought that this was a protective reflex ...
Muscle spindles relay information regarding muscle stretch, Golgi tendon organs relay information regarding tendon force, and gamma motoneurons modulate muscle spindle feedback. Afferent signals from spindles and tendon organs are integrated in the spinal cord, which then output muscle activation commands to muscle via alpha motoneurons.
Stretch receptors are also found around the carotid artery, where they monitor blood pressure and stimulate the release of antidiuretic hormone from the posterior pituitary gland. Types include: Golgi organ; Muscle spindle, sensory receptors within the belly of a muscle, which primarily detect changes in the length of this muscle
Golgi tendon organ activation directly inhibits agonist muscles. A reflexive reciprocal inhibition occurs at the antagonistic muscles. As the patient relaxes, agonist and antagonist muscles remain inhibited, allowing the joint to be moved further into the restricted range of motion.
A tendon or sinew is a tough band of ... while Golgi tendon organs are present at the ... cytokines may be released by tenocytes and can induce the release of ...