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The type of clay that is formed is a function of the parent material and the composition of the minerals in solution. [13] Clay minerals continue to be formed as long as the soil exists. [14] Mica-based clays result from a modification of the primary mica mineral in such a way that it behaves and is classed as a clay. [15]
5 c 6 h 5 ch 3 + 6 kmno 4 + 9 h 2 so 4 → 5 c 6 h 5 cooh + 14 h 2 o + 3 k 2 so 4 + 6 mnso 4 Glycols and polyols are highly reactive toward KMnO 4 . For example, addition of potassium permanganate to an aqueous solution of sugar and sodium hydroxide produces the chemical chameleon reaction, which involves dramatic color changes associated with ...
Basic cations like calcium are leached from the soil as acidic rainfall flows, which allows aluminum and proton levels to increase. [3] [4] Nitric and sulfuric acids in acid rain and snow can have different effects on the acidification of forest soils, particularly seasonally in regions where a snow pack may accumulate during the winter. [5]
A permanganate can oxidize an amine to a nitro compound, [7] [8] an alcohol to a ketone, [9] an aldehyde to a carboxylic acid, [10] [11] a terminal alkene to a carboxylic acid, [12] oxalic acid to carbon dioxide, [13] and an alkene to a diol. [14] This list is not exhaustive. In alkene oxidations one intermediate is a cyclic Mn(V) species: [15]
Soil formation, also known as pedogenesis, is the process of soil genesis as regulated by the effects of place, environment, and history. Biogeochemical processes act to both create and destroy order within soils.
Global variation in soil pH. Red = acidic soil. Yellow = neutral soil. Blue = alkaline soil. Black = no data. Soil pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity (alkalinity) of a soil. Soil pH is a key characteristic that can be used to make informative analysis both qualitative and quantitatively regarding soil characteristics.
Soil texture is determined by the relative proportion of the three kinds of soil mineral particles, called soil separates: sand, silt, and clay. At the next larger scale, soil structures called peds or more commonly soil aggregates are created from the soil separates when iron oxides , carbonates , clay, silica and humus , coat particles and ...
Parent material is the underlying geological material (generally bedrock or a superficial or drift deposit) in which soil horizons form. Soils typically inherit a great deal of structure and minerals from their parent material, and, as such, are often classified based upon their contents of consolidated or unconsolidated mineral material that has undergone some degree of physical or chemical ...