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The bridge pattern is a design pattern used in software engineering that is meant to "decouple an abstraction from its implementation so that the two can vary independently", introduced by the Gang of Four. [1] The bridge uses encapsulation, aggregation, and can use inheritance to separate responsibilities into different classes.
The book is aimed at beginners, with each chapter outlining a single convention, including takeout doubles, negative doubles, and cuebid raises. [1] All chapters are followed by a quiz. Since its publication, the book has sold over 300,000 copies, [2] and won the American Bridge Teachers' Association Book of the Year (Student) award. [3]
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The negative double is a form of takeout double in bridge. It is made by the responder after their right-hand opponent overcalls on the first round of bidding, and is used to show shortness in overcall's suit, support for the unbid suits with emphasis on majors, as well as some values.
When the truck hit the top girder, or girders, this caused the pressure/squeeze system to fail, which made the bridge fold up. The design was outdated; more modern types of truss can better withstand such forces. Pedestrian bridge over Moanalua Freeway Honolulu, Hawaii: United States: 6 October 2012: Concrete Pedestrian Bridge
However, as a corollary, negative free bids affect the scope of negative double; if the hand is suitable for "standard" forcing free bid (10-11+ points), a negative double has to be made first and the suit bid only in the next round. Thus, the negative double can be made with the following types of hand: A weakish hand with unbid suits (unbid ...
The Pressure Equipment Directive (PED) 2014/68/EU (formerly 97/23/EC) [1] of the EU sets out the standards for the design and fabrication of pressure equipment ("pressure equipment" means steam boilers, pressure vessels, piping, safety valves and other components and assemblies subject to pressure loading) generally over one liter in volume and having a maximum pressure more than 0.5 bar gauge.
The bridge was completed in 2008 and it cost $14.8 million. [11] Roughly 80 percent of the funding for the bridge came from grants, bonds and the Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority. [12] The original plan for the bridge was to use concrete to keep costs down, but a steel design was chosen after the bids for a concrete bridge came in ...