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In many measurement systems based on former English units, the link has remained fixed at 0.66 feet, therefore 0.22 yards or 7.92 inches; it is the absolute length of the yard that has varied. A rare remaining application of the link is in the service of some surveying in the United States, which relates to the definition of the survey foot.
A quarter chain, or 25 links, measures 16 feet 6 inches (5.03 m) and thus measures a rod (or pole). Ten chains measure a furlong and 80 chains measure a statute mile. [1] Gunter's chain reconciled two seemingly incompatible systems: the traditional English land measurements, based on the number four, and decimals based on the number 10.
One link is a hundredth part of a chain, which is 7.92 inches (20.1168 cm). [7] The surveyor's chain first appears in an illustration in a Dutch map of 1607, [8] and in an English book for surveyors of 1610. [9] In 1593 the English mile was redefined by a statute of Queen Elizabeth I as 5,280 feet, to tie in with agricultural practice.
The rod, perch, or pole (sometimes also lug) is a surveyor's tool [1] and unit of length of various historical definitions. In British imperial and US customary units, it is defined as 16 + 1 ⁄ 2 feet, equal to exactly 1 ⁄ 320 of a mile, or 5 + 1 ⁄ 2 yards (a quarter of a surveyor's chain), and is exactly 5.0292 meters.
The basic unit of length in the imperial and U.S. customary systems is the yard, defined as exactly 0.9144 m by international treaty in 1959. [2] [5] Common imperial units and U.S. customary units of length include: [6] thou or mil (1 ⁄ 1000 of an inch) inch (25.4 mm) foot (12 inches, 0.3048 m) yard (3 feet, 0.9144 m)
Length line 587 + 1 ⁄ 5 in standard rod inch = 10 lines foot = 12 inches yard = 3 feet ell = 3 + 3 ⁄ 4 feet fathom = 6 feet perch, pole = 5 + 1 ⁄ 2 yards furlong = 40 poles mile = 8 furlongs league = 3 miles Area rood = 40 square poles acre = 4 roods Volume dry liquid; gill = 1 ⁄ 4 pint pint = 1 ⁄ 2 quart quart = 1 ⁄ 2 pottle pottle ...
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The surveyors start from an old reference mark or known position and place a network of reference marks covering the survey area. They then measure bearings and distances between the reference marks, and to the target features. Most traverses form a loop pattern or link between two prior reference marks so the surveyor can check their measurements.
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