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× (multiplication sign) 1. In elementary arithmetic, denotes multiplication, and is read as times; for example, 3 × 2. 2. In geometry and linear algebra, denotes the cross product. 3. In set theory and category theory, denotes the Cartesian product and the direct product. See also × in § Set theory. · 1.
This list of mathematical series contains formulae for finite and infinite sums. It can be used in conjunction with other tools for evaluating sums. Here, is taken to have the value
ln(r) is the standard natural logarithm of the real number r. Arg(z) is the principal value of the arg function; its value is restricted to (−π, π]. It can be computed using Arg(x + iy) = atan2(y, x). Log(z) is the principal value of the complex logarithm function and has imaginary part in the range (−π, π].
More formulas of this nature can be given, as explained by Ramanujan's theory of elliptic functions to alternative bases. Perhaps the most notable hypergeometric inversions are the following two examples, involving the Ramanujan tau function τ {\displaystyle \tau } and the Fourier coefficients j {\displaystyle \mathrm {j} } of the J-invariant ...
In mathematics, the tensor algebra of a vector space V, denoted T(V) or T • (V), is the algebra of tensors on V (of any rank) with multiplication being the tensor product.It is the free algebra on V, in the sense of being left adjoint to the forgetful functor from algebras to vector spaces: it is the "most general" algebra containing V, in the sense of the corresponding universal property ...
Substituting r(cos θ + i sin θ) for e ix and equating real and imaginary parts in this formula gives dr / dx = 0 and dθ / dx = 1. Thus, r is a constant, and θ is x + C for some constant C. The initial values r(0) = 1 and θ(0) = 0 come from e 0i = 1, giving r = 1 and θ = x.
For example, to multiply 7 and 15 modulo 17 in Montgomery form, again with R = 100, compute the product of 3 and 4 to get 12 as above. The extended Euclidean algorithm implies that 8⋅100 − 47⋅17 = 1, so R′ = 8. Multiply 12 by 8 to get 96 and reduce modulo 17 to get 11. This is the Montgomery form of 3, as expected.
A cheat sheet that is used contrary to the rules of an exam may need to be small enough to conceal in the palm of the hand Cheat sheet in front of a juice box. A cheat sheet (also cheatsheet) or crib sheet is a concise set of notes used for quick reference. Cheat sheets were historically used by students without an instructor or teacher's ...