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Male puppies that are neutered between 7 and 10 weeks are three times less likely to display behavioral problems, compared to canines neutered at 6 months or older. [60] Most dominantly aggressive dogs are male, which causes many people to neuter their male canine companions.
The most common form of sterilization in dogs and cats is surgical, spaying in females and castration in males. Non-surgical fertility control can either result in sterilization or temporary contraception and could offer a cheaper way to keep wild dog and cat populations under control. As of 2019, only contraceptives are commercially available.
For example, a Beagle (average life expectancy 13.3 years) usually lives to around 12–15 years, and a Scottish Terrier (average life expectancy 12 years) usually lives to around 10–16 years. The longest living verified dog is Bluey , an Australian Cattle Dog who died at 29 years.
Neutering increases life expectancy in cats: one study found castrated male cats live twice as long as intact males, while spayed female cats live 39% longer than intact females. [39] Non-neutered cats in the U.S. are three times more likely to require treatment for an animal bite.
The male infertility crisis is an increase in male infertility since the mid-1970s. [91] The issue attracted media attention after a 2017 meta-analysis found that sperm counts in Western countries had declined by 52.4 percent between 1973 and 2011.
The rate of Klinefelter syndrome among infertile males is 3.1%. The syndrome is the main cause of male hypogonadism. [67] One survey in the United Kingdom found that the majority of people with KS identify as male, however, a significant number have a different gender identity. [68] The prevalence of KS is higher than expected in transgender ...
A 2024 UK study found a life expectancy of 14.5 years for the breed compared to an average of 12.7 for purebreeds and 12 for crossbreeds. [ 5 ] Papillons have only minor health concerns, although patellar luxation , seizures , and dental problems can be issues. [ 6 ]
A 2024 UK study found a life expectancy of 13.9 years for the breed compared to an average of 12.7 for purebreeds and 12 for crossbreeds. [14] Leading causes of death amongst Bearded Collies in a 2004 Kennel Club survey were old age (26%), cancer (19%), cerebrovascular disease (9%), and chronic kidney failure (8%). [15]