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  2. Topography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topography

    Topographic survey information is historically based upon the notes of surveyors. They may derive naming and cultural information from other local sources (for example, boundary delineation may be derived from local cadastral mapping). While of historical interest, these field notes inherently include errors and contradictions that later stages ...

  3. International Terrestrial Reference System and Frame

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Terrestrial...

    GNSS systems: [2] Galileo Terrestrial Reference Frame (GTRF), ITRF2005; own implementation using IGS sites.; GPS just uses WGS 84, ITRF2020 since January 2024 (but used many versions of WGS 84 before), a little modified with International GNSS Service (IGS) implementation, IGS20.

  4. Surveying - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surveying

    Surveying or land surveying is the technique, profession, art, and science of determining the terrestrial two-dimensional or three-dimensional positions of points and ...

  5. Cadastral surveying - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadastral_surveying

    Cadastral surveying is the sub-field of cadastre and surveying that specialises in the establishment and re-establishment of real property boundaries. It involves the physical delineation of property boundaries and determination of dimensions, areas and certain rights associated with properties.

  6. Land survey - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_survey

    Surveying, which outlines techniques and principles of land survey; Cartography, the process by which land survey information is used to create maps; Geodesy; Public Land Survey System, the method of determining township boundaries in the USA; Construction engineering, a primary use of Land Survey products

  7. Total station - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_station

    A total station or total station theodolite is an electronic/optical instrument used for surveying and building construction. It is an electronic transit theodolite integrated with electronic distance measurement (EDM) to measure both vertical and horizontal angles and the slope distance from the instrument to a particular point, and an on ...

  8. Geomatics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geomatics

    A surveyor's shed showing equipment used for geomatics. Geomatics is defined in the ISO/TC 211 series of standards as the "discipline concerned with the collection, distribution, storage, analysis, processing, presentation of geographic data or geographic information". [1]

  9. U.S. National Geodetic Survey - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._National_Geodetic_Survey

    The National Geodetic Survey is an office of NOAA's National Ocean Service.Its core function is to maintain the National Spatial Reference System (NSRS), "a consistent coordinate system that defines latitude, longitude, height, scale, gravity, and orientation throughout the United States". [1]